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Comparative study on preliminary breakdown pulse trains observed in Malaysia and Florida
2010 30th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), 2010In this paper, the preliminary breakdown pulse (PBP) trains preceding the negative first return strokes recorded using a broad band antenna system in Johor Bahru, Malaysia and Florida, United States were analyzed. In lightning flashes observed in Malaysia, the ratio between the amplitude of the largest preliminary breakdown pulse (PBP) and the peak ...
Z.A. Baharudin +4 more
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Modeling of thundercloud VHF/UHF radiation on the lightning preliminary breakdown stage
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2008It is well known that there are two basic parts of electromagnetic emissions from a thunderstorm cloud. The first one is due to a return stroke and the second is generated by microdischarges on the lightning preliminary stage and between successive return strokes.
M. Hayakawa +2 more
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A Survey of Measurements and Analyses of Preliminary Breakdown Pulses in Lightning Flashes
2025 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2025 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)Lightning represents a major hazard to humans, buildings, electrical and electronic installations. To date, the majority of investigations have concentrated on the Return Stroke (RS) phase of the lightning flash. Nonetheless, a significant gap persists in the comprehension of RS antecedents, particularly Preliminary Breakdown (PB) pulses, which ...
Barmada, Sami +6 more
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Propagation of preliminary breakdown pulses preceding cloud-to-ground lightning discharges
2015 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC), 2015A sequence of electromagnetic pulses lasting from a few milliseconds to several tens of milliseconds is usually observed prior to the first return stroke of a cloud-to-ground lightning flash. The sequence is composed of three parts. It begins with a group of relatively large bipolar pulses which are believed to be connected with preliminary breakdown ...
I. Kolmasova +5 more
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Review of Scientific Instruments, 2014
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique for measuring surface matter composition. LIBS is performed by focusing laser radiation onto a target surface, ablating the surface, forming a plasma, and analyzing the light produced. LIBS surface analysis is a possible diagnostic for characterizing plasma-facing materials in ITER.
G, Shaw +3 more
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique for measuring surface matter composition. LIBS is performed by focusing laser radiation onto a target surface, ablating the surface, forming a plasma, and analyzing the light produced. LIBS surface analysis is a possible diagnostic for characterizing plasma-facing materials in ITER.
G, Shaw +3 more
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PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE BREAKDOWN OF 3‐AMINO‐l,2,4‐TRIAZOLE IN SOIL
Weed Research, 1962Summary. The breakdown of amitrole has been studied on different soil types and at two temperatures. It is shown by use of soil sterilization and of microbiological toxicants, that amitrole is broken down microbiologically. Increase in soil organic matter and in temperature up to 30° C both increase the rapidity of breakdown.Premières observations sur
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A Preliminary Investigation of Breakdown of DDT in Granulated Formulations12
Journal of Economic Entomology, 1956openaire +1 more source
Tourmaline breakdown: preliminary results from experimental studies
2021B. Celata +5 more
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