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Why Randomize Clinical Trials?
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 1998It is easy to conduct an experiment in such a way that no useful inferences can be made.—Cochran and Cox [1]
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The role of randomization in clinical trials
Statistics in Medicine, 1982AbstractRandom assignment of treatments is an essential feature of experimental design in general and clinical trials in particular. It provides broad comparability of treatment groups and validates the use of statistical methods for the analysis of results.
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Randomization tests for multiarmed randomized clinical trials
Statistics in Medicine, 2019We examine the use of randomization‐based inference for analyzing multiarmed randomized clinical trials, including the application of conditional randomization tests to multiple comparisons. The view is taken that the linkage of the statistical test to the experimental design (randomization procedure) should be recognized.
Yanying Wang +2 more
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Post-Stratification in the Randomized Clinical Trial
Biometrics, 1983A topic of current biometric discussion is whether stratification should be used in randomized clinical trials and, if so, which kind. An approach based upon randomization theory is used to evaluate pre- versus post-stratification. The results obtained relate specifically to the effect of the size of the clinical trial on the bias and precision of ...
McHugh, Richard, Matts, John
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Dynamic balance randomization for clinical trials
Controlled Clinical Trials, 1991AbstractCommon methods of treatment allocation for multi‐centre and/or stratified randomized clinical trials can result in substantial differences between the number of patients allocated to each treatment arm. This can occur in the overall trial for a permuted block design or within individual institutions/strata when using a minimization scheme. This
D F, Signorini +5 more
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Components of a randomized clinical trial
Journal of Periodontal Research, 1997The purpose of this paper is to discuss a number of components associated with the design, development and conduct of a randomized clinical trial (RCT). In a RCT, a patient is entered into a protocol in which therapy is randomly assigned. Thus, neither the patient nor the care provider have active roles in deciding treatment.
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The cornerstones of randomized clinical trials
International Urology and NephrologyRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) are pivotal in medical research, offering critical evidence on the efficacy and safety of treatments. This paper explores the distinct purposes and designs of superiority, non-inferiority, equivalence, and pragmatic trials, each addressing unique research questions. Superiority trials aim to demonstrate a new treatment'
Gori, Mercedes +8 more
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The Ethics of the Randomized Clinical Trial
New England Journal of Medicine, 1982THE ethics of medical experimentation on human subjects has attracted much attention in recent years. There has, however, been rather less attention paid to the special ethical problems and dilemmas posed by the randomized clinical trial. The sheer number of such trials, the risks and costs that they involve, and the dangers that are posed both by ...
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Randomized clinical trials in neurosurgery
Neurosurgery, 1982Fifty-one randomized trials of neurosurgical topics have been identified. These have been analyzed for content, quality of reporting, and quality of statistical design and analysis. In general, there were major omissions in the reporting of critical portions of the studies, the statistical analysis was highly variable in quality, and the statistical ...
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Randomized clinical trials: Alternatives to conventional randomization
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1986The randomized allocation format remains an exceedingly powerful tool for clinical research. Because humans are the subjects in clinical research, this area of scientific study must operate within the limits dictated by such basic principles as individual autonomy, justice, and beneficence.
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