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No Fans–No Pressure: Referees in Professional Football During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2021
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, European elite football (a.k.a. soccer) leagues played the remaining season 2019/20 without or strongly limited attendance of supporters (i.e., “ghost games”).
Michael Christian Leitner, Michael Christian Leitner, Fabio Richlan, Fabio Richlan   +3 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Pressing Crowd Noise Impairs the Ability of Anxious Basketball Referees to Discriminate Fouls

Frontiers in Psychology, 2019
The decision-making processes of referees in sports are affected by many factors, including the pressure of spectators. While the home/visitor bias has been previously investigated, the role of crowd noise has been less studied.
Fabrizio Sors, Fabrizio Sors, Fabrizio Sors, David Tomé Lourido, Vittoria Parisi, Ilaria Santoro, Ilaria Santoro, Alessandra Galmonte, Tiziano Agostini, Mauro Murgia   +9 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Gaze Behavior of Referees in Sport—A Review

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2020
The purpose of this review was to examine the literature on gaze behavior in referees. A literature search found only 12 relevant studies. Five of those studies were conducted on referees in association football (soccer), three on judges in gymnastics ...
Gal Ziv, Ronnie Lidor, Sima Zach, Stephanie Brams, Werner F. Helsen   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Levels of Stress in Volleyball Referees During Official Matches—The Influence of the Referee Role and Level of Competition [PDF]

Sports
Volleyball referees, as athletes and staff members, are exposed to different stress levels which can be determined by measuring pre- and post-match levels of salivary cortisol (C) and alpha-amylase (AA).
Zoran Nikolovski, Dario Vrdoljak, Nikola Foretić, Mia Perić, Vladimir Pavlinović, Ratko Perić, Vuk Karanović   +6 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Anxiety Levels of Futsal Referees in the West Java Provincial Sports Week 2022 [PDF]

Journal Coaching Education Sports, 2023
The aim of this research was to determine the level of anxiety among futsal referees officiating matches in the 14th West Java Provincial Sports Week 2022. The research method used a quantitative descriptive approach.
Bangbang Syamsudar, Sumbara Hambal, Syahid Nuryasin   +2 more
doaj   +3 more sources

Into the Eyes of the Referee: A Comparison of Elite and Sub-Elite Football Referees’ On-Field Visual Search Behaviour when making Foul Judgements

International journal of sports science & coaching, 2022
In foul decision-making by football referees, visual search is important for gathering task-specific information to determine whether a foul has occurred.
T. van Biemen, Rrd Oudejans, G. Savelsbergh, F. Zwenk, D. Mann   +4 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Ethical Code of Judges of the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran [PDF]

مطالعات راهبردی جامعه‌شناختی در ورزش, 2022
Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a code of ethics for judges of the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Methodology: According to the purpose, this research is one of the applied researches which is a
Morteza Zoormand Safanjani, Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi, Morteza Rezaei Sufi   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

“The Referee Plays to Be Insulted!”: An Exploratory Qualitative Study on the Spanish Football Referees’ Experiences of Aggression, Violence, and Coping

Frontiers in Psychology, 2021
Referees are essential participants in the sport of football. They are responsible for enforcing the rules and achieving the necessary impartiality for the matches. Referees are often target of hostile reactions from fans, players, and coaches.
J. Devís-Devís, José Serrano-Durá, Pere Molina   +2 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

The Relevance of General Spatial Anticipation Skills for Basketball Referees

Applied Sciences, 2023
In recent years, research has shown a positive correlation between sport-specific cognitive abilities and the performance of referees in different sports.
Robin Schrödter, Alessa Schwarting, Frowin Fasold, Karsten Schul, Stefanie Klatt   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

The 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic as a Change-Event in Sport Performers’ Careers: Conceptual and Applied Practice Considerations

Frontiers in Psychology, 2020
The Coronavirus experience (CE) presents a highly challenging period for sport performers (e.g., athletes, coaches, referees), with potential effects on their lives and career trajectories.
Roy David Samuel, Gershon Tenenbaum, Yair Galily   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source