Results 11 to 20 of about 554,382 (316)
Refining Procedures within Regulatory Toxicology Studies: Improving Animal Welfare and Data
Animals, 2021 During the development of potential new medicines or agrochemicals, an assessment of the safety profile to humans and environmental species is conducted using a range of different in silico and in vitro techniques in conjunction with metabolism and ...
Helen Prior +5 more
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Advances in Science and Research, 2010 This article provides an overview of the ethical issues raised by the use of non-human primates (NHPs) in research involving scientific procedures which may cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm. It is not an exhaustive review of the literature
M. J. Prescott
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ALTEX, 2014 The ultimate goal of the Three Rs is the full replacement of animals used in biomedical research and testing. However, replacement is unlikely to occur in the near future; therefore the scientific community as a whole must continue to devote considerable effort to ensure optimal animal welfare for the benefit of the science and the animals, i.e., the R
Joanne, Zurlo, Eric, Hutchinson
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Introducing extra operations in refinement [PDF]
, 2014 This paper reconsiders refinements which introduce actions on the concrete level which were not present at the abstract level. It considers a range of different basic refinement relations, covering the standard ones for formalisms like Event-B, Z ...
Boiten, Eerke Albert
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Extensive Alternative Splicing of KIR Transcripts
Frontiers in Immunology, 2018 The killer-cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) form a multigene entity involved in modulating immune responses through interactions with MHC class I molecules.
Jesse Bruijnesteijn +8 more
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Relational Concurrent Refinement: Automata [PDF]
, 2009 Data refinement in a state-based language such as Z is defined using a relational model in terms of the behaviour of abstract programs. Downward and upward simulation conditions form a sound and jointly complete methodology to verify relational data ...
Derrick, John +4 more
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Delivering an Immunocastration Vaccine via a Novel Subcutaneous Implant
Animals, 2022 Immunocastration relies on the vaccine-mediated stimulation of an immune response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in order to interrupt spermatogenesis. This approach offers a less painful alternative to traditional castration approaches but the
Andrew K. Curtis +11 more
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Environmental Enrichment for Rats and Mice Housed in Laboratories: A Metareview
Animals, 2022 Environmental enrichment has been widely studied in rodents, but there is no consensus on what enrichment should look like or what it should achieve. Inconsistent use of the term “enrichment” creates challenges in drawing conclusions about the quality of
Anna S. Ratuski, Daniel M. Weary
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Perspicuity and Granularity in Refinement [PDF]
, 2011 This paper reconsiders refinements which introduce actions on the concrete level which were not present at the abstract level. It draws a distinction between concrete actions which are ''perspicuous'' at the abstract level, and changes of granularity of ...
Eerke Boiten, Boiten, Eerke Albert
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BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2020 Background Many species are threatened with extinction as their population sizes decrease with changing environments or face novel pathogenic threats.
Christelle Vangenot +6 more
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