Four decades of retinal vessel segmentation research (1982–2025) are synthesized, spanning classical image processing, machine learning, and deep learning paradigms. A meta‐analysis of 428 studies establishes a unified taxonomy and highlights performance trends, generalization capabilities, and clinical relevance.
Avinash Bansal +6 more
wiley +1 more source
A Python Tool for Implementations on Bipolar Neutrosophic Matrices [PDF]
Bipolar neutrosophic matrices (BNM) are obtained by bipolar neutrosophic sets. Each bipolar neutrosophic number represents an element of the matrix. The matrices are representable multi-dimensional arrays (3D arrays).
Selçuk Topal +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Domination (set and Number) in Neutrosophic Soft over Graphs
By combining the ideas of neutrosophic soft sets and oversets in graphs and replacing each crisp or neutrosophic set by overset at each vertex and edge, we present a new framework for treating neutrosophic soft information (NSI) in this research.
Amir sabir majeed, Nabeel Ezzulddin Arif
doaj +1 more source
Sustainability in Healthcare: The Role of Digital Technologies for Improving Patient Engagement
ABSTRACT Sustainability in healthcare is getting considerable research attention as systems worldwide tend to balance environmental, social, and economic factors. In this context, digital technologies have demonstrated significant potential to enhance engagement among different consumer groups across various industries.
Francesco Schiavone +4 more
wiley +1 more source
Combined TOPSIS Technique for MAGDM Based on the Distance Measures and CRITIC under Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets and Applications to Quality Evaluation of Whole Process Engineering Consulting Service Modes [PDF]
According to survey data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, from 2011 to 2022, the total output value of China's construction industry showed an increasing trend year by year. From 2018 to 2021, infrastructure investment has always maintained
Xia Wang +6 more
doaj +1 more source
TOPSIS Strategy for Multi-Attribute Decision Making with Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Numbers [PDF]
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is a popular strategy for Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM). In this paper, we extend the TOPSIS strategy of MADM problems in trapezoidal neutrosophic number environment.
Pranab Biswas +2 more
doaj +1 more source
ABSTRACT We propose a dynamic optimization framework for Medical Oxygen Supply Chains (MOSCs) operating under concurrent disasters. The framework aims to minimize both the total response and transportation time, as well as the total operational cost. These goals are subject to constraints involving evacuation, capacity, maintenance, and inventory.
Saptadeep Biswas +6 more
wiley +1 more source
Optimising Wave Energy Plant Location Through Neutrosophic Multi‐Criteria Group Decision‐Making
ABSTRACT The global shift towards sustainable energy has intensified research into renewable sources, particularly wave energy. Pakistan, with its long coastline, holds significant potential for wave energy development. However, identifying optimal locations for wave energy plants involves evaluating complex, multi‐faceted criteria.
Hafiz Muhammad Athar Farid +4 more
wiley +1 more source
Multiple-Attribute Decision Making Based on Novel Single Valued Neutrosophic Aczel-Alsina Power Muirhead Mean Operators [PDF]
Neutrosophic multiple-attribute decision making (MADM) is one of the major study areas in ambiguous and inconsistent decision-making problems. The single-valued neutrosophic number (SVNN), which is an expansion of the fuzzy number, intuitionistic fuzzy ...
Peide Liu +4 more
doaj +1 more source
This paper proposes a novel image steganographic method based on an enhanced Pyramid Integer Wavelet Transform (PIWT) combined with a Modified Optimal Pixel Adjustment Process (MOPAP). The PIWT enables integer‐to‐integer transformation, avoiding floating‐point computations and improving its suitability for efficient implementation.
Ali Yahya Al‐Ashwal +2 more
wiley +1 more source

