Results 211 to 220 of about 280,773 (255)
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The regulation of somatic hypermutation
Current Opinion in Immunology, 2004Somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination cause genetic alterations in immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, which underlie the generation of the secondary antibody repertoire in B lymphocytes. Both processes require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), whose mechanism of action in not yet known in detail, but which mediates the accumulation of
Eva, Besmer +2 more
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SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES
Annual Review of Immunology, 1996▪ Abstract The relationship between somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation in the mouse is delineated. Recent work on the anatomical and cellular site of this process is surveyed. The molecular characteristics of somatic hypermutation are described in terms of the region mutated and the distinctive patterns of nucleotide changes that are ...
S D, Wagner, M S, Neuberger
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Somatic hypermutation and B‐cell malignancies
The Journal of Pathology, 1999During a follicle centre response, the immunoglobulin genes are subjected to a hypermutation mechanism which introduces predominantly single base changes, non-randomly, into the immunoglobulin V region (IgV) genes. B cells with mutated IgV genes are then selected according to the affinity of the encoded antibody for antigen retained on the follicular ...
J O, Spencer, D K, Dunn-Walters
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Towards an understanding of somatic hypermutation
Current Opinion in Immunology, 2001How germinal center (GC) B cells diversify their rearranged immunoglobulin genes by somatic hypermutation is unknown. However, the GC-specific activation-induced cytidine deaminase has been identified as a key factor controlling two central GC-specific events: somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes. This factor may
H, Jacobs, L, Bross
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Somatic Hypermutation: A Mutational Panacea
2004Publisher Summary This chapter discusses activation-induced deaminase (AID), which was discovered using a subtractive hybridization screen for genes activated on induction of class switch recombination (CSR). AID expression is restricted to activated B cells and is required for somatic hypermutation (SHM) in mice.
Brigette, Tippin +3 more
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Somatic hypermutation in antoimmune thyroid disease
Immunological Reviews, 1998Summary: Autoimmune thyroid disease is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. There is typically patient antibody (Ab) reactivity to one or more of the antigens thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSFlr). With the advent of combinatorial library technology, there has been an enormous increase
R, McIntosh, P, Watson, A, Weetman
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Tuning Somatic Hypermutation by Transcription
1999The dependence of somatic hypermutation on transcription was studied in three mutant immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) insertion mice in which a targeted non-functional VHB1-8 passenger transgene was either placed under the transcriptional control of a truncated DQ52 promoter (p delta), its own RNA polymerase II dependent IgH promoter (pII) or a RNA ...
H, Jacobs +3 more
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Somatic hypermutation in peritoneal B1b cells
Molecular Immunology, 2009Murine B1 cells have been shown to be able to switch to IgA in vitro. In agreement, we could demonstrate in the peritoneum of mice the presence of IgA producing B1 cells. Interestingly, enzyme-linked immunospot assays of lipopolysaccharide stimulated cultures revealed that only the B1b cell subpopulation contained high numbers of such cells while IgA ...
Bishnudeo, Roy +6 more
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Retroviral vectors to monitor somatic hypermutation
Journal of Immunological Methods, 2005The recent expansion of studies on hypermutation may benefit from a fast and uncomplicated way to measure mutation rates. In this paper we compare different retroviral vector designs for monitoring hypermutation in vivo. Retroviral vectors combine a high transduction rate with integration at random sites within the host cell genome, thus equalizing ...
Maik, Klasen +3 more
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Recombination‐based mechanisms for somatic hypermutation
Immunological Reviews, 1998Summary: We review some experiments designed to test recombination‐based mechanisms for somatic hypermutation in twice, particularly mechanisms involving templated mutation or gene conversion. As recombination and repair functions are highly conserved among prokaryotes and eukaryotes, pathways of mutation in microorganisms may prove relevant to the ...
Q, Kong, R S, Harris, N, Maizels
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