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Subcritical water: Use in chemical analysis
Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2017The review shows prospects of the use of subcritical water instead of organic solvents and aqueous–organic mixtures at different stages of analysis. Subcritical water was applied to the extraction of target compounds from natural samples, such as soils, sand, and plant raw materials. The use of subcritical water expands possibilities of HPLC.
D. R. Borisova +3 more
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Chapter 18 Hot (subcritical) water extraction
2002Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of water as an extraction fluid, where the water is heated anywhere up to its critical temperature, and where enough pressure is applied that the water remains liquid rather than turning to steam.
Steven B. Hawthorne, Alexna Kubátová
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Solubility of Parabens in Subcritical Water
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2014The solubility of methyl, ethyl, and butyl parabens (4-hydroxybenzoate) in water was determined at (298, 373, 423, and 473) K using a homemade heating/mixing system and by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The solubility increased for all three parabens studied when water temperature was raised from 298 K to 423 K.
Brahmam Kapalavavi +3 more
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Subcritical Water Extractor for Mars Analog Soil Analysis
Astrobiology, 2008Abstract Technologies that enable rapid and efficient extraction of biomarker compounds from various solid matrices are a critical requirement for the successful implementation of in situ chemical analysis of the martian regolith. Here, we describe a portable subcritical water extractor that mimics multiple organic solvent polarities by tuning the ...
Xenia, Amashukeli +3 more
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Rapid column heating method for subcritical water chromatography
Journal of Chromatography A, 2007A novel resistive heating method is presented for subcritical water chromatography (SWC) that provides higher column heating rates than those conventionally obtained from temperature-programmed gas chromatography (GC) convection ovens. Since the polarity of water reduces dramatically with increasing temperature, SWC employs column heating to achieve ...
Michael O, Fogwill, Kevin B, Thurbide
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Catalytic upgrading of duckweed biocrude in subcritical water
Bioresource Technology, 2014Herein, a duckweed biocrude produced from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Lemna minor was treated in subcritical water with added H₂. Effects of several different commercially available materials such as Ru/C, Pd/C, Pt/C, Pt/γ-Al₂O₃, Pt/C-sulfide, Rh/γ-Al₂O₃, activated carbon, MoS₂, Mo₂C, Co-Mo/γ-Al₂O₃, and zeolite on the yields of product fractions ...
Caicai Zhang +5 more
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Hydrolysis of bamboo biomass by subcritical water treatment
Bioresource Technology, 2015The aim of present study was to obtain total reducing sugars (TRS) from bamboo under subcritical water (SCW) treatment in a batch reactor at the temperature ranging from 170 °C to 220 °C and 40 min hydrolysis time. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of temperature and time on TRS yield.
Mood, Mohan +2 more
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Hydrolysis of Whey Protein Isolate Using Subcritical Water
Journal of Food Science, 2011Abstract: Hydrolyzed whey protein isolate (WPI) is used in the food industry for protein enrichment and modification of functional properties. The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) on WPI and to determine the temperature and reaction time effects on the ...
Ashley D, Espinoza +2 more
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Retention mechanisms in subcritical water reversed-phase chromatography
Journal of Chromatography A, 2009Differences in the properties of subcritical water and conventional water/acetonitrile and water/methanol mobile phases for reversed phase separations are explored. Using van't Hoff plots enthalpies and entropies of transfer are compared among the mobile phases while linear solvation energy relationships are used to quantify contributions to retention ...
Steven D, Allmon, John G, Dorsey
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Hydrothermal decomposition of liquid crystal in subcritical water
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014Treatment of liquid crystal has important significance for the environment protection and human health. This study proposed a hydrothermal process to decompose the liquid crystal of 4-octoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl. Experiments were conducted with a 5.7 mL stainless tube reactor and heated by a salt-bath. Factors affecting the decomposition rate of 4-octoxy-4'
Xuning, Zhuang +5 more
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