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2021
Sunspots are the most prominent manifestations of magnetic fields on the visible surface of the Sun (photosphere). While historic records mention sunspot observations by eye more than two thousand years ago, the physical nature of sunspots has been unraveled only in the past century starting with the pioneering work of Hale and Evershed.
M. Rempel, J.M. Borrero
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Sunspots are the most prominent manifestations of magnetic fields on the visible surface of the Sun (photosphere). While historic records mention sunspot observations by eye more than two thousand years ago, the physical nature of sunspots has been unraveled only in the past century starting with the pioneering work of Hale and Evershed.
M. Rempel, J.M. Borrero
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zbMATH Open Web Interface contents unavailable due to conflicting licenses.
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Group Sunspot Numbers: Sunspot Cycle Characteristics
Solar Physics, 2002We examine the "Group" sunspot numbers constructed by Hoyt and Schatten to determine their utility in characterizing the solar activity cycle. We compare smoothed monthly Group Sunspot Numbers to Zurich (International) Sunspot Numbers, 10.7-cm radio flux, and total sunspot area.
David H. Hathaway +2 more
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Relationship between sunspot numbers during years of sunspot maximum and sunspot minimum
Solar Physics, 1980A correlation analysis shows that the sunspot numbers at the peaks of the last eight solar cycles are well-correlated with the sunspot numbers in heliolatitudes 20°–40° (specially in the southern hemisphere) occurring in the solar minimum years immediately preceding the solar maximum years.
R. P. Kane, N. B. Trivedi
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Synchronization of Sunspot Numbers and Sunspot Areas
Solar Physics, 2009Sunspot activity is usually described by either sunspot numbers or sunspot areas. The smoothed monthly mean sunspot numbers (SNs) and the smoothed monthly mean areas (SAs) in the time interval from November 1874 to September 2007 are used to analyze their phase synchronization.
K. J. Li, P. X. Gao, L. S. Zhan
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Journal of Mathematical Economics, 2006
zbMATH Open Web Interface contents unavailable due to conflicting licenses.
Goenka, A., Prechac, C.
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zbMATH Open Web Interface contents unavailable due to conflicting licenses.
Goenka, A., Prechac, C.
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Nature, 1950
ALTHOUGH astronomers have commonly believed that sunspots are deep-seated vortices, the chief characteristics of a spot (an intense magnetic field and a cool umbra) have never been successfully explained.
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ALTHOUGH astronomers have commonly believed that sunspots are deep-seated vortices, the chief characteristics of a spot (an intense magnetic field and a cool umbra) have never been successfully explained.
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Sunspots Rotation Rate and Sunspot Cycle
2005International ...
Mouradian, Zadig, Heristchi, Djamshid
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Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1985
Ronald Moore, Douglas Rabin
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Ronald Moore, Douglas Rabin
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