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Out-of-Pocket Costs and Surprise Billing in Otolaryngology: A National Database Analysis. [PDF]

open access: yesOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg
Lenze NR   +5 more
europepmc   +1 more source

Bayesian surprise attracts human attention

open access: yesVision Research, 2009
We propose a formal Bayesian definition of surprise to capture subjective aspects of sensory information. Surprise measures how data affects an observer, in terms of differences between posterior and prior beliefs about the world.
Laurent Itti, Pierre Baldi
exaly   +2 more sources
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Surprise!… Surprise?

Psychophysiology, 1981
ABSTRACTThe nature of the psychophysiological enterprise is examined as it bears on the study of the endogenous components of event‐related brain potentials (ERP). The view is taken that success in Psychophysiology should be measured by the degree to which psychophysiological data can be used in elucidating the processes that underly the behavioral ...
openaire   +2 more sources

Surprise, Surprise, Surprise! A Complexity Science View of the Unexpected

Health Care Management Review, 2003
Surprise can emanate from two sources: lack of sufficient information or knowledge and the basic dynamics of complex adaptive systems. The authors expand the traditional view of surprise with a complexity perspective that makes it possible to ask new questions and to consider new ways of understanding the world around us.
Reuben R, McDaniel   +2 more
openaire   +2 more sources

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