Pigs have long been recognized as “mixing vessels” in which new viruses are formed by reassortment involving various influenza virus lineages (avian, animal, human). However, surveillance of swine influenza viruses only gained real significance after the
Daria M. Danilenko +11 more
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Swine influenza A virus subtype H1N2 in Sweden [PDF]
The influenza A virus subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 are prevalent in pig populations worldwide. All scientific data point towards swine as the key host species for new human influenza pandemics, which have been suggested to evolve in pigs from viral genes
Metreveli, Giorgi
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Influenza Vaccination of Swine Reduces Public Health Risk at the Swine-Human Interface
Swine exhibited at agricultural fairs in North America have been the source of repeated zoonotic influenza A virus transmission, which creates a pathway for influenza pandemic emergence.
Joshua N. Lorbach +8 more
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Serologic Evidence of H1 Swine Influenza Virus Infection in Swine Farm Residents and Employees
We evaluated seropositivity to swine and human H1 influenza viruses in 74 swine farm owners, employees, their family members, and veterinarians in rural south-central Wisconsin, compared with 114 urban Milwaukee, Wisconsin, residents. The number of swine
Christopher W. Olsen +6 more
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Emergence of novel reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 genes in the United States [PDF]
Reassortant H1 swine influenza viruses (SIVs) carrying 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (pH1N1) genes have been isolated from pigs worldwide. Seven novel reassortant H3N2 SIVs were identified from diseased pigs in the USA from winter 2010 to spring 2011.
Anderson, Joe +8 more
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The global antigenic diversity of swine influenza A viruses
Swine influenza presents a substantial disease burden for pig populations worldwide and poses a potential pandemic threat to humans. There is considerable diversity in both H1 and H3 influenza viruses circulating in swine due to the frequent ...
Nicola S Lewis +27 more
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Replication, Pathogenesis and Transmission of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Non-Immune Pigs [PDF]
The declaration of the human influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1/09) raised important questions, including origin and host range [1,2]. Two of the three pandemics in the last century resulted in the spread of virus to pigs (H1N1, 1918; H3N2, 1968 ...
Essen, Stephen C. +106 more
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Human-Derived H3N2 Influenza A Viruses Detected in Pigs in Northern Italy
In recent years, the four main swine influenza A virus (IAV-S) subtypes circulating in swine in the EU have been H1avN1, H1huN2, H1N1pdm09, and H3N2. The latter emerged in 1984 from a reassortment event between a human seasonal H3N2 and H1avN1, and is ...
Laura Soliani +14 more
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Swine influenza viruses isolated in 1983, 2002 and 2009 in Sweden exemplify different lineages
Swine influenza virus isolates originating from outbreaks in Sweden from 1983, 2002 and 2009 were subjected to nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.
Metreveli Giorgi +6 more
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Swine-to-Human Transmission of Influenza A(H3N2) Virus at Agricultural Fairs, Ohio, USA, 2012
Agricultural fairs provide an opportunity for bidirectional transmission of influenza A viruses. We sought to determine influenza A virus activity among swine at fairs in the United States.
Andrew S. Bowman +6 more
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