Results 11 to 20 of about 8,248 (257)
, 2008 The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air, called the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases that envelope the Earth. The gases are held close to the earth by gravity and the thermal movement of air molecules. Life on Earth is supported by the atmosphere, solar energy, and the magnetic fields.
Williams, Akan B.
openaire +3 more sources
The thermosphere of Titan [PDF]
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1984 The diurnal variation of the vertical structure of Titan's thermosphere is calculated through simultaneous solution of the equations of heat transfer and hydrostatic equilibrium. The temperature and density profiles are found above the mesopause. The dynamical response of the thermosphere to heating is for the most part neglected.
Friedson, A. James, Yung, Yuk L.
openaire +3 more sources
Assimilation of thermospheric measurements for ionosphere‐thermosphere state estimation [PDF]
Radio Science, 2016 AbstractWe develop a method that uses data assimilation to estimate ionospheric‐thermospheric (IT) states during midlatitude nighttime storm conditions. The algorithm Estimating Model Parameters from Ionospheric Reverse Engineering (EMPIRE) uses time‐varying electron densities in the F region, derived primarily from total electron content data, to ...
Daniel S. Miladinovich +3 more
openaire +1 more source
Thermospheric nitric oxide is modulated by the ratio of atomic to molecular oxygen and thermospheric dynamics during solar minimum [PDF]
Atmospheric Chemistry and PhysicsThe formation of nitric oxide (NO) by geomagnetic activity and EUV photoionization in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, and its subsequent impact on ozone, contributes to the natural forcing of the climate system, and has been recommended to ...
M. Sinnhuber +11 more
doaj +1 more source
The operational and research DTM-2020 thermosphere models
Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 2021 Aims: The semi-empirical Drag Temperature Models (DTM) predict the Earth’s thermosphere’s temperature, density, and composition, especially for orbit computation purposes.
Bruinsma Sean, Boniface Claude
doaj +1 more source
Temperature enhancements and vertical winds in the lower thermosphere associated with auroral heating during the DELTA campaign [PDF]
, 2009 A coordinated observation of the atmospheric response to auroral energy input in the polar lower thermosphere was conducted during the Dynamics and Energetics of the Lower Thermosphere in Aurora (DELTA) campaign.
Kurihara, J. +27 more
core +1 more source
Heating and cooling of the thermosphere by internal gravity waves [PDF]
, 2009 For the first time, estimates of heating and cooling in the upper thermosphere due to dissipating and breaking gravity waves ( GWs) of tropospheric origin have been obtained with a comprehensive general circulation model ( GCM).
Yiğit, E. +5 more
core +1 more source
Machine‐Learned HASDM Thermospheric Mass Density Model With Uncertainty Quantification
Space Weather, 2022 A thermospheric neutral mass density model with robust and reliable uncertainty estimates is developed based on the Space Environment Technologies (SET) High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) density database.
Richard J. Licata +3 more
doaj +1 more source
Space Weather, 2022 Characterization of the thermospheric horizontal wind is an important challenge in atmospheric modeling due to its vital role in the transport of densities and energy, associations with the diurnal tide, and interplay with vertical winds that drive ...
Daniel A. Brandt, Aaron J. Ridley
doaj +1 more source
Thermospheric atomic oxygen density estimates using the EISCAT Svalbard Radar [PDF]
, 2013 [1] Coupling between the ionized and neutral atmosphere through particle collisions allows an indirect study of the neutral atmosphere through measurements of ionospheric plasma parameters. We estimate the neutral density of the upper thermosphere above ~
Sutton, E. +11 more
core +1 more source