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Trihalomethanes in developed and developing countries
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2023The reactions between natural organic matter, anthropogenic contaminants, ions, and disinfectants lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water. The formation of THMs is strongly related to the chlorination of water.
Anjali, Kothe +4 more
openaire +2 more sources
Formation of trihalomethanes in foods and beverages
Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment, 2009Trihalomethanes (THMs) are suspected carcinogens and reproductive toxicants commonly found in chlorinated drinking water. This study investigates THM formation during the preparation of beverages and foods using chlorinated drinking water. A total of 11 foods and 17 beverages were tested. Under the experimental conditions, each food and beverage formed
Stuart Batterman
exaly +3 more sources
Dechlorination and trihalomethane yields
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1985Wastewater treatment plants, paper mills and electric power plants are major dischargers of chlorinated effluents to rivers, lakes, estuaries and the sea. At power plants chlorine is used to control fouling in cooling water while it is passing through conduits and condensers.
G R, Helz, A D, Uhler, R, Sugam
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A teratological assessment of four trihalomethanes in the rat
Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, 1983Four trihalomethanes were administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats from day 6 to day 15 of gestation. Chloroform (Ch) was administered at levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and bromoform (Br), bromodichloromethane (BDCM) and chlorodibromomethane (CDBM) were administered at levels of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg/day.
D C Villeneuve, V E Valli, V E Valli
exaly +3 more sources
The Formation of Trihalomethanes
Journal AWWA, 1978Presented here is a review of current knowledge of trihalomethane formation in natural waters, including the effects of preozonation, bromide, pH, and chlorine dose. Areas needing further study are outlined.
R. Rhodes Trussell, Mark D. Umphres
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Biomonitoring Equivalents (BE) dossier for trihalomethanes
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2008Measurements of whole blood concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) have been reported in persons in the general population. Risk assessments based on administered doses of THMs have been conducted for both cancer and non-cancer health endpoints by the US Environmental Protection Agency; however, no health-based standards exist for interpreting ...
Aylward, Lesa L. +2 more
openaire +5 more sources
Journal - American Water Works Association, 1979
This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of trihalomethanes in raw water, in water after the initial introduction of chlorine, and in finished water from fourteen utilities at monthly intervals for a period of one year.
M.D. Arguello +6 more
exaly +2 more sources
This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of trihalomethanes in raw water, in water after the initial introduction of chlorine, and in finished water from fourteen utilities at monthly intervals for a period of one year.
M.D. Arguello +6 more
exaly +2 more sources
Trihalomethanes in the water supplies of Sardinia, Italy
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1990There has been increasing uneasiness with the health authorities recently about the almost ubiquitous presence of organohalogenated compounds in drinking waters. The scientific interest in trihalomethanes (THMs) has increased since their carcinogenic properties were ascertained. For this reason several countries have set upper limits and guidelines for
CONTU A +5 more
openaire +3 more sources
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2018
Abstract In developing countries such as Malaysia, chlorination is a popular and inexpensive technique for disinfecting water before distribution to consumers. However, the chlorination process results in the formation of low concentrations of toxic trihalomethanes (THMs), which may, over long periods of exposure, lead to adverse effects in consumers.
Fathiyyah Mohd Zainudin +2 more
openaire +1 more source
Abstract In developing countries such as Malaysia, chlorination is a popular and inexpensive technique for disinfecting water before distribution to consumers. However, the chlorination process results in the formation of low concentrations of toxic trihalomethanes (THMs), which may, over long periods of exposure, lead to adverse effects in consumers.
Fathiyyah Mohd Zainudin +2 more
openaire +1 more source
Journal AWWA, 1988
This survey was conducted to determine the extent and costs of compliance with the existing maximum contaminant level (MCL) for trihalomethanes (THMs). It was found, on average, that the MCL of 0.10 mg/L had reduced the concentrations of THMs in larger utility systems by 40–50 percent.
Michael J. McGuire, Robert G. Meadow
openaire +1 more source
This survey was conducted to determine the extent and costs of compliance with the existing maximum contaminant level (MCL) for trihalomethanes (THMs). It was found, on average, that the MCL of 0.10 mg/L had reduced the concentrations of THMs in larger utility systems by 40–50 percent.
Michael J. McGuire, Robert G. Meadow
openaire +1 more source