Trends in thunderstorm days, lightning activity, squalls and the environmental factors in Hong Kong
This study analyses trends in Hong Kong's convective weather using long‐term observer‐based and shorter‐term instrument‐based data. Annual thunderstorm days increased significantly by 1.9 days decade−1 in 1947–2024, notably in June–September, consistent with increasingly favourable warm‐season environments for thunderstorms.
Yuk Sing Lui +5 more
wiley +1 more source
The disappearing quasi-biennial oscillation under sustained global warming. [PDF]
Luo F +9 more
europepmc +1 more source
Abstract The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the portion of the troposphere that is directly influenced by the presence of the Earth's surface. The thermodynamic structure of this layer exhibits a wide variety of characteristics across the globe. In 2018 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Space Studies Board recommended ...
M. L. Loveless +3 more
wiley +1 more source
Formulation of a dynamic convective adjustment time-scale in the CESM1.2 and its influence on the Indian summer monsoon simulations. [PDF]
Pathak R, Sahany S, Mishra SK, Wang J.
europepmc +1 more source
Formulation and Implementation of a Dynamic Roughness Length for Improved Surface Wind Speeds in WRF
Abstract Accurate near‐surface winds from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are essential for wind‐energy applications, yet persistent biases remain that depend on terrain, season, and land cover. This study develops and evaluates an observation‐informed, time‐varying aerodynamic roughness length for WRF. The roughness length is inferred
S. Srivastava, K. R. Schell
wiley +1 more source
Evaluating the accuracy of gridded precipitation datasets and CMIP6 GCM ensemble means against gauge observations in South Wollo, Ethiopia. [PDF]
Assamnew AD, Gobie BG, Habtemicheal BA.
europepmc +1 more source
Abstract Tropical instability waves (TIWs) generate mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) fluctuations in the eastern equatorial Pacific and influence the evolution of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Yet satellite‐based prediction of TIW‐related SST anomalies remains largely SST‐centric and makes limited use of sea surface salinity (SSS ...
Yinfei Zhou, Haoyu Wang, Xiaofeng Li
wiley +1 more source
Tropical precipitation response to anthropogenic climate change in recent decades. [PDF]
Joseph L, Terray P, Sooraj KP, Masson S.
europepmc +1 more source
Abstract Past evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) weather prediction has primarily relied on reanalyses, which can obscure important deficiencies due to prevailing biases in reanalyses themselves. Here, we present MAUSAM (Measuring AI Uncertainty during South Asian Monsoon), an evaluation of seven leading AI‐based prediction systems—FourCastNet,
Aman Gupta, Aditi Sheshadri, Dhruv Suri
wiley +1 more source
Sustainable feed processing methods to enhance growth and digestibility in freshwater aquaculture: A review. [PDF]
Hidir A +7 more
europepmc +1 more source

