Results 31 to 40 of about 59,171 (151)

Ultima Ratio as a Constitutional Principle

open access: yes, 2013
The paper argues the criminal law notion of ultima ratio is an instance of a broader constitutional law principle of proportionality. However, ultima ratio is not the only principle relevant in a constitutional assessment of criminalization.
Kaarlo Tuori
core  

Different Routes for Camellia Sinensis–Mediated Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Structural, Thermal, and Magnetic Properties

open access: yesChemistrySelect, Volume 11, Issue 19, 20 May 2026.
Different green‐assisted routes (After Synthesis—ASR; Green Subsequent—SSR; Green in situ—ISSR) using Camellia sinensis to produce functionalized iron‐based oxide nanoparticles with controlled and distinct structural and magnetic properties. ABSTRACT Green‐assisted iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract (green ...
Jeferson Marques Santos   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Ultima Ratio as a Constitutional Principle

open access: yes, 2012
The paper argues the criminal law notion of ultima ratio is an instance of a broader constitutional law principle of proportionality. However, ultima ratio is not the only principle relevant in a constitutional assessment of criminalization.
Kaarlo Tuori
core  

Artificial Intelligence, Criminal Infringement and Intent – Is the Protection Really Equal for All Works?

open access: yesIIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law
This article studies the fulfillment of criminal intent in AI-assisted copyright crimes in Finland. As technologies continue to develop, new forms of acts fall under the already broad criminal law protection of copyright and challenge traditional ...
Laura Tammenlehto, H. Kallio
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Rare‐Earth‐Induced Fluoride‐Rich Local Structures Governing BaF2 Nanocrystallization in Oxyfluoride Glasses

open access: yesJournal of the American Ceramic Society, Volume 109, Issue 5, May 2026.
This figure schematically illustrates the formation of BaF2‐like precursor structures in BaF2–ZnO–B2O3 oxyfluoride glass. Rare‐earth ions attract surrounding fluoride ions due to their higher field strength, leading to the formation of fluorine‐rich local environments.
Kenji Shinozaki, Misato Sakamoto
wiley   +1 more source

The Principle of “Ultima Ratio” And/Or the Principle of Proportionality

open access: yes, 2013
The ultima ratio principle is a highly topical subject. The author describes the common grounds and different perspectives of “ultima ratio” on the one hand and/or the principle of proportionality in German criminal and public law on the ...
Rudolf Wendt
core  

Glycerol carbonate formation from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate using lithium‐based catalysts

open access: yesThe Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Volume 104, Issue 4, Page 1743-1754, April 2026.
Abstract Excess glycerol from biodiesel production can be sustainably converted into value‐added products like glycerol carbonate, for its use in polymers, solvents, and as ecofriendly alternative as green chemical in various chemical industries. This study aims to synthesize a catalyst optimized for the glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) conversion
Parvaneh Koranian   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

The Principle of “Ultima Ratio” And/Or the Principle of Proportionality

open access: yes, 2012
The ultima ratio principle is a highly topical subject. The author describes the common grounds and different perspectives of “ultima ratio” on the one hand and/or the principle of proportionality in German criminal and public law on the other hand.
Rudolf Wendt
core  

The principle of ultima ratio in the termination of labour contract

open access: yes, 2011
This dissertation on the principle of ultima ratio in labour contracts consists of four parts.The first part examines the labour security system, and studies, though a comparative law analysis, the concept of valid termination constituting the basis of ...
Turgut, Pınar
core  

Ultima ratio – is the limit exceeded?

open access: yes, 2013
The modern criminal legal doctrine and the judicial practice recognise that criminal liability is ultima ratio. It means that criminal liability is applicable when other social and legal measures are not efficient. Legal status of ultima ratio
Žentelytė, Ieva
core  

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