Results 181 to 190 of about 16,946 (265)

Obligation, Exemption and Remission: The Multi‐Layered Functioning of the Poll Tax (Cizye) in Ottoman Governance during the Long Eighteenth Century

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley   +1 more source

Anatomical–Motor Level Discrepancy in Prenatal Diagnosis of Open Spinal Dysraphism: A 12‐Year Retrospective Observational Study

open access: yesBJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Objectives To quantify the discrepancy between anatomical and motor levels in foetuses with open spinal dysraphism and identify prenatal factors associated with this difference. We also examined associations between anatomical level and ultrasound findings. Design Retrospective observational study.
Silvia Arévalo   +8 more
wiley   +1 more source

Fertilising Climate Policy: The Dual Impact of CBAM on EU Agricultural Emissions and Regional Disparities

open access: yesJournal of Agricultural Economics, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), scheduled to become fully operational in 2026, is designed to complement the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) by replacing free emission allowances and preventing carbon leakage to non‐EU regions. CBAM initially covers energy‐intensive sectors, including mineral nitrogen (N) fertiliser production.
Davit Stepanyan   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Revisiting the Political Economy of Agriculture in 21st Century Food Systems

open access: yesJournal of Agricultural Economics, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT In 1932, Joseph Duncan argued in the Journal of Agricultural Economics that agricultural economists should engage more explicitly with politics. Nearly a century later, the political economy of food and agriculture has expanded in both scope and complexity.
Danielle Resnick, Johan Swinnen
wiley   +1 more source

Resource Availability and Habitat Quality Drive Time‐Lag Effects in High‐Altitude Ungulate Distribution

open access: yesIntegrative Zoology, EarlyView.
Our analysis revealed that while climate strongly influenced species distributions, habitat change drove most observed delays in distribution responses. In terms of community ecology, dispersed communities exhibited shorter time lags than concentrated groups. Analyses of lag duration revealed a 5–6‐year distribution lag effect in high‐altitude ungulate
Lu Wang   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

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