Results 71 to 80 of about 2,254,450 (359)
Enforcement Costs and the Optimal Magnitude and Probability of Fines [PDF]
Some of the costs of enforcing laws are fixed" - - in the sense that they do not depend on the number of individuals who commit harmful acts- -while other costs are "variable"- - they rise with the number of such individuals.
A. Mitchell Polinsky, Steven Shavell
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An inventive step for the patent system? [PDF]
, 2020 The inventive step is the critical variable in determining balance between patent costs and patent benefits. Set at the right level it ensures that the knowledge spillovers from new inventions offset the costs of restraining competition.
Moir, Hazel V J
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Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.Pre‐analytical handling critically determines liquid biopsy performance. This study defines practical best‐practice conditions for cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) and extracellular vesicle–derived DNA (evDNA), showing how processing time, storage conditions, tube type, and plasma input volume affect DNA integrity and mutation detection.
Jonas Dohmen +11 more
wiley +1 more source
, 2002 In Ulph (2002) I analysed how the possibility of future resolution of uncertainty about damage costs affected the incentives and timing for countries to join a self-enforcing international environmental agreement (IEA).
Ulph, Alistair
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Sensitivity of Building Loss Estimates to Major Uncertain Variables [PDF]
, 2002 This paper examines the question of which sources of uncertainty most strongly affect the repair cost of a building in a future earthquake. Uncertainties examined here include spectral acceleration, ground-motion details, mass, damping, structural force ...
Beck, James L. +2 more
core +1 more source
Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.Intratumour heterogeneity complicates precision management of advanced endometrial cancer. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a minimally invasive strategy to capture tumor evolution and therapeutic resistance. Here, we compare tumor‐agnostic NGS with tumor‐informed ddPCR, outlining their relative sensitivity, concordance, and clinical implications ...
Carlos Casas‐Arozamena +15 more
wiley +1 more source
Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.Translational cancer research and its implementation through competitively selected Comprehensive Cancer Centers across Europe should be the primary policy focus for addressing the increasing cancer burden in Europe and counteract the present main strategy to convert cancer to a chronic disease.
Manuel Heitor +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Moving from Uniform to Variable Fertilizer Rates on Iowa Corn: Effects on Rates and Returns
Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 1998 This study develops a model based on the yield potential of various soil types in 12 Iowa counties to estimate the potential value of switching from uniform to variable fertilizer rates.
Bruce A. Babcock, Gregory R. Pautsch
doaj +1 more source
Non-Tariff Barriers, Market Access and Trade [PDF]
This paper analyses the effects of non-tariff barriers, in terms of both variable and fixed export costs, on trade structure. The relationship between fixed and variable trade costs determines whether international trade emerges.
Mathä, Thomas
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Molecular cancer prevention: Intercepting disease
Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.Oncological practice must evolve, from treating established tumours to proactive cancer interception before clinical manifestation. This will require mechanistic insight into tumour initiation, validated biomarkers of early disease development and redesigned clinical trials, enabling cancer interception to become a core pillar of oncology with the ...
Charlotte Grieco +2 more
wiley +1 more source