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RNA Editing by Mammalian ADARs
2011The main type of RNA editing in mammals is the conversion of adenosine to inosine which is translated as if it were guanosine. The enzymes that catalyze this reaction are ADARs (adenosine deaminases that act on RNA), of which there are four in mammals, two of which are catalytically inactive. ADARs edit transcripts that encode proteins expressed mainly
Marion, Hogg +3 more
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ADAR Proteins: Structure and Catalytic Mechanism
2011Since the discovery of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) acting on RNA (ADAR) family of proteins in 1988 (Bass and Weintraub, Cell 55:1089-1098, 1988) (Wagner et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:2647-2651, 1989), we have learned much about their structure and catalytic mechanism.
Rena A, Goodman +2 more
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ADAR and Immune Silencing in Cancer
Trends in Cancer, 2019The regulation of immune responses by tumors is central to their survival. By diminishing the production of interferon (IFN) and other inflammatory mediators, tumors enhance immune evasion. Responses initiated by nucleic acid sensors and triggered by dysregulated RNA transcription and cytoplasmic DNA undergo down-modulation in tumors.
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Editing specificity of ADAR isoforms
Adenosine to inosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) enzymes are found in all metazoa. Their sequence and protein organization is conserved but also shows distinct differences. Moreover, the number of ADAR genes differs between organisms, ranging from one in flies to three in mammals.Cornelia, Vesely, Michael F, Jantsch
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Purification and Assay of ADAR Activity
2007ADAR editing enzymes are found in all multicellular animals and are conserved in sequence and protein organization. The number of ADAR genes differs between animals, ranging from three in mammals to one in Drosophila. ADAR is also alternatively spliced to generate isoforms that can differ significantly in enzymatic activity.
Liam P, Keegan +3 more
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Role of ADARs in Mouse Development
2011RNA editing by deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I editing) is a physiologically important posttranscriptional mechanism that can regulate expression of genes by modifying their transcripts. A-to-I editing is mediated by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) that can catalytically exchange adenosines to inosines, with varying efficiency ...
Carl R, Walkley +2 more
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Downslope flow observations near Cape Adare shelf-break
Antarctic Science, 2004The analysis of two high resolution hydrological datasets acquired during the 1997 and 2001 summers across the Antarctic continental shelf-break near Cape Adare (Ross Sea) is presented. The main focus of these cruises was the investigation of the overflow of the High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW). This dense and salty water mass forms along Victoria Land
BERGAMASCO A +3 more
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irCLASH reveals RNA substrates recognized by human ADARs
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 2020Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in animals. Despite their importance, ADAR RNA substrates have not been mapped extensively in vivo. Here we develop irCLASH to map RNA substrates recognized by human ADARs and uncover features that determine their binding affinity and editing ...
Yulong Song +6 more
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Adenosine Deaminases That Act on RNA (ADARs)
2017Inosine is one of the most common modifications found in human RNAs and the Adenosine Deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) are the main enzymes responsible for its production. ADARs were first discovered in the 1980s and since then our understanding of ADARs has advanced tremendously.
Yuru, Wang, Yuxuan, Zheng, Peter A, Beal
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