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The complement alternative pathway and hemostasis
Immunological Reviews, 2022The complement and hemostatic systems are complex systems, and both involve enzymatic cascades, regulators, and cell components—platelets, endothelial cells, and immune cells.
M. Noris, M. Galbusera
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Initiation of the alternative pathway of complement and the history of “tickover”
Immunological Reviews, 2022The evolutionary history of complement suggests that the alternative pathway arose prior to the arrival of the classical and lectin pathways. In these pathways, target specificity is provided by antibodies and sugar specific lectins.
M. K. Pangburn
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The alternative antigen pathway
Immunology Today, 1989In this article, John Tew, Marie Kosco and Andras Szakal describe progress in deciphering a novel antigen pathway that represents an alternative to classical clearance by phagocytes. Upon booster immunization, immune complexes form rapidly and these complexes are handled not only by phagocytes but also by a series of non-phagocytic cells in a distinct ...
J G, Tew, M H, Kosco, A K, Szakal
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Alternative Pathway Evaluation
Current Protocols in Immunology, 1994AbstractThe alternative pathway of complement shares its terminal components (C3 and C5 through 9) with the classical pathway, but has several unique components, including factors D, B, and P (properdin). This unit presents methods for assaying total alternative pathway activity and the activity of factors B and D. Radial immunodiffusion (RID) can also
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The alternative pathway of complement
Springer Seminars in Immunopathology, 1984The alternative pathway of complement activation provides the host with a humoral component of the natural defense mechanisms against infectious agents. The six plasma proteins involved in recognition and activation perform a continuous surveillance function that does not require specific antibody to recognize potential pathogens.
M K, Pangburn, H J, Müller-Eberhard
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Alternative Complement Pathway Inhibition with Iptacopan in IgA Nephropathy.
New England Journal of MedicineBACKGROUND The alternative complement pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Iptacopan specifically binds to factor B and inhibits the alternative pathway.
Vlado Perkovic +14 more
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Alternative pathway amplification and infections
Immunological Reviews, 2022SummaryThe alternative pathway (AP) is the phylogenetically oldest arm of the complement system and may have evolved to mark pathogens for elimination by phagocytes. Studies using purified AP proteins or AP‐specific serum showed that C3b amplification on bacteria commenced following a lag phase of about 5 min and was highly dependent on the ...
Jutamas Shaughnessy +3 more
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Alternative protein sorting pathways
2000The term "nonclassical protein targeting" has been used to describe those pathways that have been recently discovered and differ mechanistically from the more studied "classical pathways." Because this nomenclature is rather arbitrary in terms of cellular relevance, we have chosen to group these protein sorting mechanisms under the heading "alternative
J, Kim, S V, Scott, D J, Klionsky
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Alternate interferon signaling pathways
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2003More than a half a century ago, interferons (IFN) were identified as antiviral cytokines. Since that discovery, IFN have been in the forefront of basic and clinical cytokine research. The pleiotropic nature of these cytokines continues to engage a large number of investigators to define their actions further.
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Science Signaling, 2001
A canonical Wnt pathway has been established in which Wnt proteins signal though homologues of b-catenin, which regulates activity of Tcf transcription factors (see the Wnt/beta-catenin Connections Map by Moon ). Herman analyzed Wnt signaling in C elegans (see the C. elegans
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A canonical Wnt pathway has been established in which Wnt proteins signal though homologues of b-catenin, which regulates activity of Tcf transcription factors (see the Wnt/beta-catenin Connections Map by Moon ). Herman analyzed Wnt signaling in C elegans (see the C. elegans
openaire +2 more sources