Results 241 to 250 of about 29,685 (270)
Nanoscale Architecture of the Axon Initial Segment Reveals an Organized and Robust Scaffold
Cell Reports, 2015 International audienceThe axon initial segment (AIS), located within the first 30 μm of the axon, has two essential roles in generating action potentials and maintaining axonal identity.
Christophe Leterrier
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Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2021
Abstract The axon initial segment (AIS) is structurally and functionally distinct from other regions of the axon, yet alterations in the milieu of the AIS after brain injury have not been well characterized. In this study, we have examined extracellular and intracellular changes in the AIS after hypoglossal nerve ...
Hiromi Tamada +3 more
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Abstract The axon initial segment (AIS) is structurally and functionally distinct from other regions of the axon, yet alterations in the milieu of the AIS after brain injury have not been well characterized. In this study, we have examined extracellular and intracellular changes in the AIS after hypoglossal nerve ...
Hiromi Tamada +3 more
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Localized Myosin II Activity Regulates Assembly and Plasticity of the Axon Initial Segment
Neuron, 2018 International audienceHighlights d Phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC) is enriched in axon initial segments (AISs) d pMLC is associated with the actin rings in the AIS, as imaged by STORM d Inhibiting MLC phosphorylation and myosin II activity ...
Alejandra Leo-Macías +2 more
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The Physiology of the Axon Initial Segment
Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2012The action potential generally begins in the axon initial segment (AIS), a principle confirmed by 60 years of research; however, the most recent advances have shown that a very rich biology underlies this simple observation. The AIS has a remarkably complex molecular composition, with a wide variety of ion channels and attendant mechanisms for channel ...
Kevin J, Bender, Laurence O, Trussell
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Activity-Dependent Plasticity of Axo-axonic Synapses at the Axon Initial Segment [PDF]
Neuron, 2020 The activity-dependent rules that govern the wiring of GABAergic interneurons are not well understood. Chandelier cells (ChCs) are a type of GABAergic interneuron that control pyramidal cell output through axo-axonic synapses that target the axon initial segment.
Winnie Wefelmeyer +2 more
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The latest on the axon initial segment
2018 7th International Conference on Computers Communications and Control (ICCCC), 2018This paper will review the latest results about the axon initial segment (AIS) revealing physiology details while focusing on the structural organization of the AIS. This highly specialized region of the axon is characterized, among others, by high concentrations of (particular) voltage-gated ion channels, and by highly specialized cytoskeletal ...
Roxana-Mariana Beiu +2 more
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The functional organization and assembly of the axon initial segment
Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2008Action potential initiation, modulation, and duration in neurons depend on a variety of Na+ and K+ channels that are highly enriched at the axon initial segment (AIS). The AIS also has high densities of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), modulatory proteins, and a unique extracellular matrix (ECM).
Yasuhiro, Ogawa, Matthew N, Rasband
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Pathogenic Tau Impairs Axon Initial Segment Plasticity and Excitability Homeostasis [PDF]
Neuron, 2019 Dysregulation of neuronal excitability underlies the pathogenesis of tauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with tau inclusions. A majority of FTD-causing tau mutations are located in the microtubule-binding domain, but how these mutations ...
Peter Dongmin Sohn +2 more
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Consciousness and the Axon Initial Segment
Integrative Psychological and Behavioral ScienceAccording to the QBIT theory, consciousness depends on the emergence of macroscopic coherence in a specific intracellular substrate which registers and processes sensory information. This occurs in a particular neuronal compartment called the axon initial segment which has unique properties not found in other neuronal segments.
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The axon initial segment and the maintenance of neuronal polarity
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2010Ion channel clustering at the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier has been suggested to be a key evolutionary innovation that enabled the development of the complex vertebrate nervous system. This innovation epitomizes a signature feature of neurons, namely polarity.
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