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Salmonella cytotoxin: a component of the bacterial outer membrane
Microbial Pathogenesis, 1986Salmonella cytotoxin present in cell-free sonic lysates causes rounding and detachment of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Although the precise role of this toxin in the pathogenesis of salmonellosis is unclear, cytotoxin production by Salmonella could account for tissue damage or possibly, facilitate invasion.
Johnny W. Peterson +2 more
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The bacterial outer membrane as a drug barrier
Trends in Microbiology, 1997The outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria constitute a semi-permeable barrier, as indicated by the corresponding alterations in outer membrane permeability and in antibiotic susceptibility resulting from mutation or polycation action. Restricted outer membrane permeability works in synergy with co-determinant resistance mechanisms, such as the ...
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Assembly and Maintenance of Lipids at the Bacterial Outer Membrane
Chemical Reviews, 2020The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is essential for their survival in harsh environments and provides intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. This membrane is remarkable; it is a highly asymmetric lipid bilayer. The inner leaflet of the outer membrane contains phospholipids, whereas the fatty acyl chains attached to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Emily Lundstedt +2 more
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Transport across the bacterial outer membrane
Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, 1993Diffusion of small molecules across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria may occur through protein channels and through lipid bilayer domains. Among protein channels, many examples of trimeric porins, which produce water-filled diffusion channels, are known.
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Immune modulation by bacterial outer membrane vesicles
Nature Reviews Immunology, 2015Gram-negative bacteria shed extracellular outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during their normal growth both in vitro and in vivo. OMVs are spherical, bilayered membrane nanostructures that contain many components found within the parent bacterium. Until recently, OMVs were dismissed as a by-product of bacterial growth; however, findings within the past ...
Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos +1 more
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Bacterial outer membrane evolution via sporulation?
Nature Chemical Biology, 2011The distinction between different cell-envelope architectures has defined much of our thinking about bacterial systematics, but the evolution of different envelope layers has been harder to understand. A recent publication focused on the non-model organism Acetonema longum provides important clues to the possible origin of the second membrane typical ...
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Advances in understanding bacterial outer-membrane biogenesis
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2006The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli serves as a protective barrier that controls the influx and efflux of solutes. This allows the bacteria to inhabit several different, and often hostile, environments. The assembly of the E.
Thomas J. Silhavy +2 more
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Lipopolysaccharide and the Permeability of the Bacterial Outer Membrane
2020Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is not only a potent toxin (endotoxin), but also the major constituent of the unique cell surface structure, the outer membrane (OM), of gram-negative bacteria. The characteristic features of the OM of gram-negative enteric bacteria include that the LPS molecules are located exclusively in the outer leaflet and the ...
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Porins and specific channels of bacterial outer membranes
Molecular Microbiology, 1992SummaryPorins and specific channels both produce water‐filled pores that allow the transmembrane diffusion of small solutes, but the latter contain specific ligandbinding sites within the channels. Recent structural studies show that many or most of these proteins exist as βbarrels with the βstrands traversing the thickness of the outer membrane.
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Porin from Bacterial and Mitochondrial Outer Membrane
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry, 1985The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria acts as a molecular filter with defined exclusion limit for hydrophilic substances. The exclusion limit is dependent on the type of bacteria and has for enteric bacteria like Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium a value between 600 and 800 Daltons, whereas molecules with molecular weights up to 6000 ...
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