Results 261 to 270 of about 330,291 (296)

Immune modulation by bacterial outer membrane vesicles

Nature Reviews Immunology, 2015
Gram-negative bacteria shed extracellular outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during their normal growth both in vitro and in vivo. OMVs are spherical, bilayered membrane nanostructures that contain many components found within the parent bacterium. Until recently, OMVs were dismissed as a by-product of bacterial growth; however, findings within the past ...
Maria, Kaparakis-Liaskos, Richard L, Ferrero   +1 more
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The bacterial outer membrane as a drug barrier

Trends in Microbiology, 1997
The outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria constitute a semi-permeable barrier, as indicated by the corresponding alterations in outer membrane permeability and in antibiotic susceptibility resulting from mutation or polycation action. Restricted outer membrane permeability works in synergy with co-determinant resistance mechanisms, such as the ...
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Salmonella cytotoxin: a component of the bacterial outer membrane

Microbial Pathogenesis, 1986
Salmonella cytotoxin present in cell-free sonic lysates causes rounding and detachment of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Although the precise role of this toxin in the pathogenesis of salmonellosis is unclear, cytotoxin production by Salmonella could account for tissue damage or possibly, facilitate invasion.
J C, Reitmeyer, J W, Peterson, K J, Wilson   +2 more
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Secretion across the bacterial outer membrane

Trends in Genetics, 1992
Many bacteria secrete extracellular proteins such as hydrolytic enzymes or toxins. In Gram-negative bacteria, secreted proteins must cross the two membranes that constitute the cell envelope. Recent studies have identified several specific secretion systems that can be classified in three distinct pathways, and related systems have been discovered in a
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Porins and specific channels of bacterial outer membranes

Molecular Microbiology, 1992
SummaryPorins and specific channels both produce water‐filled pores that allow the transmembrane diffusion of small solutes, but the latter contain specific ligandbinding sites within the channels. Recent structural studies show that many or most of these proteins exist as βbarrels with the βstrands traversing the thickness of the outer membrane.
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Modeling and simulation of bacterial outer membranes and interactions with membrane proteins

Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 2017
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is composed of phospholipids in the periplasmic leaflet and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the external leaflet, along with β-barrel OM proteins (OMPs) and lipidated periplasmic lipoproteins. As a defensive barrier to toxic compounds, an LPS molecule has high antigenic diversity and unique combination of ...
Dhilon S Patel, Yifei Qi, Wonpil Im
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Porin from Bacterial and Mitochondrial Outer Membrane

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry, 1985
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria acts as a molecular filter with defined exclusion limit for hydrophilic substances. The exclusion limit is dependent on the type of bacteria and has for enteric bacteria like Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium a value between 600 and 800 Daltons, whereas molecules with molecular weights up to 6000 ...
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Entry and exit of bacterial outer membrane proteins

Trends in Microbiology, 2015
The sites of new outer membrane protein (OMP) deposition and the fate of pre-existing OMPs are still enigmatic despite numerous concerted efforts. Rassam et al. identified mid-cell regions as the primary entry points for new OMP insertion in clusters, driving the pre-existing OMP clusters towards cell poles for long-term storage.
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Bacterial Nanobioreactors–Directing Enzyme Packaging into Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015
All bacteria shed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) loaded with a diverse array of small molecules, proteins, and genetic cargo. In this study we sought to hijack the bacterial cell export pathway to simultaneously produce, package, and release an active enzyme, phosphotriesterase (PTE). To accomplish this goal the SpyCatcher/SpyTag (SC/ST) bioconjugation
Nathan J, Alves, Kendrick B, Turner, Michael A, Daniele, Eunkeu, Oh, Igor L, Medintz, Scott A, Walper   +5 more
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Lipopolysaccharide and the Permeability of the Bacterial Outer Membrane

2020
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is not only a potent toxin (endotoxin), but also the major constituent of the unique cell surface structure, the outer membrane (OM), of gram-negative bacteria. The characteristic features of the OM of gram-negative enteric bacteria include that the LPS molecules are located exclusively in the outer leaflet and the ...
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