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Addiction to Benzodiazepines

Psychiatric Quarterly, 1998
Benzodiazepines are sedative hypnotic medications that can induce a state of dependence. Dependence however is not the same as addiction. The development of dependence is a predictable phenomenon, influenced by dose, duration of treatment, and a number of other factors including individual characteristics of the benzodiazepine user.
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Opioids and Benzodiazepines

Critical Care Clinics, 1995
Most patients in the intensive care unit experience pain and anxiety, which are treated most commonly with an opioid or a benzodiazepine. These compounds are effective and have a well-established safety record. With the exception of associated respiratory depression, they have a relatively wide therapeutic window.
Michael J. Murray   +2 more
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Benzodiazepines and behavior

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 1985
This article sets the background for the following series of articles on the behavioral actions of drugs acting at the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex. The articles provide detailed analyses of particular behaviors and emphasise the danger of interpreting all behavioral effects in terms of anxiety.
Steven J. Cooper, Sandra E. File
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Benzodiazepines in Pregnancy

Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2019
Benzodiazepine use and dependence are on the rise as well as the number of deaths attributable to the combination of opioids and benzodiazepines. Anxiety, the most frequent condition for which benzodiazepines are prescribed, occurs commonly, and is increasingly noted to coincide with pregnancy.
Shaweta Babbar   +3 more
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Benzodiazepines and alcohol

Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1990
The frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption is a major consideration in patients who need treatment with benzodiazepines. Alcohol affects the GABA-benzodiazepine-chloride ionophore complex and has an agonist-like action. Thus, additive interactions should be expected from combining alcohol with benzodiazepines. Furthermore, alcohol has clinically
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Benzodiazepine and Non-Benzodiazepine Anxiolitics

Psychopathology, 1984
A review of anxiolytic drugs is presented, including ethyl alcohol, barbiturates, diphenylmethane derivatives, glycerol and propanediol derivatives, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Focus on the benzodiazepines and their metabolism and method of action follows.
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Benzodiazepines:

Advances in Alcohol & Substance Abuse, 1990
The benzodiazepines were first introduced in 1960. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) was the first of the class of drugs called benzodiazepines, in a deliberate attempt to synthesize a tranquilizer without the sedative properties and abuse, addiction, tolerance, and dependence potential of the barbiturates, and other sedative/hypnotic drugs. The popularity of
N S, Miller, M S, Gold
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Treatment of Benzodiazepine Dependence

New England Journal of Medicine, 2017
Long-term use of benzodiazepines can lead to dependence. Symptoms of withdrawal include anxiety, irritability, confusion, seizures, and sleep disorders. Withdrawal management relies on the use of a single agent (diazepam) and gradual dose reduction.
LUGOBONI, FABIO   +2 more
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Benzodiazepines in Schizophrenia

Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 1996
Benzodiazepines have a checkered history in the United States; public and professional attitudes about them have ranged from their being wonder drugs in the 1970s to being virtually purged from many formularies as addictive and dangerous in the 1980s. The attitude today is that they are useful for specific indications.
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The History of Benzodiazepines

The Consultant Pharmacist, 2013
After more than 50 years of experience with benzodiazepines, the American health care system has a love-hate relationship with them. In 1955, Hoffmann-La Roche chemist Leo Sternbach serendipitously identified the first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium).
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