Results 91 to 100 of about 89,596 (339)

Context Driven Label Fusion for segmentation of Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat in CT Volumes [PDF]

arXiv, 2015
Quantification of adipose tissue (fat) from computed tomography (CT) scans is conducted mostly through manual or semi-automated image segmentation algorithms with limited efficacy. In this work, we propose a completely unsupervised and automatic method to identify adipose tissue, and then separate Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT) from Visceral Adipose
arxiv  

Automatic Segmentation of Muscle Tissue and Inter-muscular Fat in Thigh and Calf MRI Images [PDF]

, 2019
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of thigh and calf muscles is one of the most effective techniques for estimating fat infiltration into muscular dystrophies. The infiltration of adipose tissue into the diseased muscle region varies in its severity across, and within, patients.
arxiv   +1 more source

Captive rearing effects on the methylome of Atlantic salmon after oceanic migration: Sex‐specificity and intergenerational stability

Molecular Ecology Resources, EarlyView., 2023
Abstract Captive rearing in salmon hatcheries can have considerable impacts on both fish phenotype and fitness within a single generation, even in the absence of genetic change. Evidence for hatchery‐induced changes in DNA methylation is becoming abundant, though questions remain on the sex‐specificity of these effects, their persistence until spawning
Clare J. Venney, Raphaël Bouchard, Julien April, Eric Normandeau, Laurie Lecomte, Guillaume Côté, Louis Bernatchez   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Quantitative assessment of masticatory muscles based on skull muscle attachment areas in Carnivora

The Anatomical Record, EarlyView.
Abstract Masticatory muscles are composed of the temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles in mammals. Each muscle has a different origin on the skull and insertion on the mandible; thus, all masticatory muscles contract in different directions. Collecting in vivo data and directly measuring the masticatory muscles anatomically in various Carnivora ...
Kai Ito, Mugino O. Kubo, Ryo Kodera, Sei‐ichiro Takeda, Hideki Endo   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

Cysteine restriction‐specific effects of sulfur amino acid restriction on lipid metabolism

Aging Cell, Volume 21, Issue 12, December 2022., 2022
The proposed mechanism of CR‐specific effects of SAAR on adipose metabolism. (1) Due to the lack of Cys in SAAR diets, it imposes both MR and CR. CR specifically results in decreased biosynthesis of the tripeptide glutathione. (2) Lower hepatic glutathione increases the abundance of the transcription factor Nrf2, which translocates to the nucleus and ...
Sailendra N. Nichenametla, Dwight A. L. Mattocks, Diana Cooke, Vishal Midya, Virginia L. Malloy, Wilfredo Mansilla, Bente Øvrebø, Cheryl Turner, Nasser E. Bastani, Jitka Sokolová, Markéta Pavlíková, John P. Richie Jr., Anna K. Shoveller, Helga Refsum, Thomas Olsen, Kathrine J. Vinknes, Viktor Kožich, Gene P. Ables   +17 more
wiley   +1 more source

Organ toxicities associated with diet‐induced obesity in rats: Investigation of changes in activities selected enzymes

Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, EarlyView.
Abstract Obesity stands out as one of the most significant health problems in the modern world. The prevalence of high‐calorie diets (HCDs) globally exacerbates this condition. Throughout history, plants and plant‐derived food products have been utilized for medicinal purposes, demonstrating their efficacy in the treatment and prevention of various ...
Bedia Bati
wiley   +1 more source

Brown adipose tissue whitening leads to brown adipocyte death and adipose tissue inflammation[S]

Journal of Lipid Research, 2018
In mammals, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores and releases lipids, whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT) oxidizes lipids to fuel thermogenesis. In obese individuals, WAT undergoes profound changes; it expands, becomes dysfunctional, and develops a low-grade
Petra Kotzbeck, Antonio Giordano, Eleonora Mondini, Incoronata Murano, Ilenia Severi, Wiebe Venema, Maria Paola Cecchini, Erin E. Kershaw, Giorgio Barbatelli, Guenter Haemmerle, Rudolf Zechner, Saverio Cinti   +11 more
doaj  

Deciphering the skeletal interoceptive circuitry to control bone homeostasis

BMEMat, EarlyView.
This review introduces the skeletal interoceptive circuitry, covering the ascending signals from bone tissues to the brain (sensors), the central neural circuits that integrate this information and dispatch commands (CPU), and the descending pathways that regulate bone homeostasis (effectors).
Yefeng Wu, Jiusi Guo, Zhen Chen, Fengwei Zhang, Billy Kwok Chong Chow, Zhuofan Chen, Kelvin Wai‐Kwok Yeung, Wei Qiao   +7 more
wiley   +1 more source

Adipose tissue plasticity in pheochromocytoma patients suggests a role of the splicing machinery in human adipose browning

iScience, 2023
Summary: Adipose tissue from pheochromocytoma patients acquires brown fat features, making it a valuable model for studying the mechanisms that control thermogenic adipose plasticity in humans. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a massive downregulation of
Moisés Castellá, Albert Blasco-Roset, Marion Peyrou, Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro, Joan Villarroya, Tania Quesada-López, Leyre Lorente-Poch, Juan Sancho, Florian Szymczak, Anthony Piron, Sonia Rodríguez-Fernández, Stefania Carobbio, Albert Goday, Pere Domingo, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Marta Giralt, Décio L. Eizirik, Francesc Villarroya, Rubén Cereijo   +18 more
doaj  

Purple and red rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran polyphenols show antiobesity and antidiabetic activities

Cereal Chemistry, EarlyView.
Abstract Background and Objectives Rice bran is a source of bioactive polyphenols. This study aimed to characterize the antidiabetic potential of different rice brans (one brown, two red, and two purple) by examining their ability to inhibit α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase, and to stimulate glucose uptake in adipocytes.
Stephen M. Boue, William Broussard, Abigail Michelz   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source