Results 71 to 80 of about 1,076,580 (347)

Conditional as-if analyses in randomized experiments

Journal of Causal Inference, 2021
The injunction to “analyze the way you randomize” is well known to statisticians since Fisher advocated for randomization as the basis of inference. Yet even those convinced by the merits of randomization-based inference seldom follow this injunction to ...
Pashley Nicole E., Basse Guillaume W., Miratrix Luke W.   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Structural instability impairs function of the UDP‐xylose synthase 1 Ile181Asn variant associated with short‐stature genetic syndrome in humans

FEBS Letters, EarlyView.
The Ile181Asn variant of human UDP‐xylose synthase (hUXS1), associated with a short‐stature genetic syndrome, has previously been reported as inactive. Our findings demonstrate that Ile181Asn‐hUXS1 retains catalytic activity similar to the wild‐type but exhibits reduced stability, a looser oligomeric state, and an increased tendency to precipitate ...
Tuo Li, Pedro A. Sánchez‐Murcia, Bernd Nidetzky   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Randomization Inference in the Regression Discontinuity Design: An Application to Party Advantages in the U.S. Senate

Journal of Causal Inference, 2015
In the Regression Discontinuity (RD) design, units are assigned a treatment based on whether their value of an observed covariate is above or below a fixed cutoff.
Cattaneo Matias D., Frandsen Brigham R., Titiunik Rocío   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Patient‐specific pharmacogenomics demonstrates xCT as predictive therapeutic target in colon cancer with possible implications in tumor connectivity

Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.
This study integrates transcriptomic profiling of matched tumor and healthy tissues from 32 colorectal cancer patients with functional validation in patient‐derived organoids, revealing dysregulated metabolic programs driven by overexpressed xCT (SLC7A11) and SLC3A2, identifying an oncogenic cystine/glutamate transporter signature linked to ...
Marco Strecker, Keren Zohar, Martin Böttcher, Thomas Wartmann, Henry Freudenstein, Maximilian Doelling, Mihailo Andric, Wenjie Shi, Or Kakhlon, Katrin Hippe, Beatrix Jahnke, Dimitrios Mougiakakos, Franziska Baenke, Daniel Stange, Roland S. Croner, Michal Linial, Ulf D. Kahlert   +16 more
wiley   +1 more source

Targeting mediating mechanisms of social disparities with an interventional effects framework, applied to the gender pay gap in Western Germany

Journal of Causal Inference
The Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) decomposition is a widely used method to explain social disparities. However, assigning causal meaning to its estimated components requires strong assumptions that often lack explicit justification.
Didden Christiane
doaj   +1 more source

To Adjust or Not to Adjust? Sensitivity Analysis of M-Bias and Butterfly-Bias

Journal of Causal Inference, 2015
“M-Bias,” as it is called in the epidemiologic literature, is the bias introduced by conditioning on a pretreatment covariate due to a particular “M-Structure” between two latent factors, an observed treatment, an outcome, and a “collider.” This ...
Ding Peng, Miratrix Luke W.
doaj   +1 more source

Behavioural Causal Inference

Review of Economic Studies
Abstract When inferring causal effects from correlational data, a common practice by professional researchers but also lay people is to control for potential confounders. Inappropriate controls produce erroneous causal inferences. I model decision-makers (DMs) who use endogenous observational data to learn actions’ causal effect on ...
openaire   +2 more sources

Aggressive prostate cancer is associated with pericyte dysfunction

Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.
Tumor‐produced TGF‐β drives pericyte dysfunction in prostate cancer. This dysfunction is characterized by downregulation of some canonical pericyte markers (i.e., DES, CSPG4, and ACTA2) while maintaining the expression of others (i.e., PDGFRB, NOTCH3, and RGS5).
Anabel Martinez‐Romero, Ane Martinez‐Larrinaga, Joaquim Grego‐Bessa, Saioa Garcia‐Longarte, Hielke van Splunder, Ianire Astobiza, Amaia Ercilla, Laura Bozal‐Basterra, Isabel Mendizabal, Pilar Villacampa, Arkaitz Carracedo, Mariona Graupera   +11 more
wiley   +1 more source

Role of placebo samples in observational studies

Journal of Causal Inference
In an observational study, it is common to leverage known null effects to detect bias. One such strategy is to set aside a placebo sample – a subset of data immune from the hypothesized cause-and-effect relationship. Existence of an effect in the placebo
Ye Ting, He Qijia, Chen Shuxiao, Zhang Bo   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Screening for lung cancer: A systematic review of overdiagnosis and its implications

Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.
Low‐dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer may increase overdiagnosis compared to no screening, though the risk is likely low versus chest X‐ray. Our review of 8 trials (84 660 participants) shows added costs. Further research with strict adherence to modern nodule management strategies may help determine the extent to which ...
Fiorella Karina Fernández‐Sáenz, Laura de la Torre‐Perez, David R Baldwin, Carlijn van der Aalst, Mangesh Thorat, David Ritchie, Andre L Carvalho, Carolina Espina, Ivan Solà, Carlos Canelo‐Aybar, Moira Magdalena Pissinis, Pablo Alonso‐Coello, Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes Pinto   +12 more
wiley   +1 more source