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Counterfactual Computation [PDF]
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1999 Suppose that we are given a quantum computer programmed ready to perform a computation if it is switched on. Counterfactual computation is a process by which the result of the computation may be learnt without actually running the computer.
Graeme Mitchison +2 more
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Counterfactual: An R Package for Counterfactual Analysis [PDF]
The R Journal, 2016 The Counterfactual package implements the estimation and inference methods of Chernozhukov, Fern\'andez-Val and Melly (2013) for counterfactual analysis.
Chen, Mingli +3 more
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Counterfactual Contamination [PDF]
Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 2021 Many defend the thesis that when someone knows p, they couldn’t easily have been wrong about p. But the notion of easy possibility in play is relatively under-theorized. One structural idea in the literature, the principle of Counterfactual Closure (CC), connects easy possibility with counterfactuals: if it easily could have happened that p, and if p ...
Simon Goldstein, John Hawthorne
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Economic cascades, tipping points, and the costs of a business-as-usual approach to COVID-19
Frontiers in Physics, 2023 Decisions to shutdown economic activities to control the spread of COVID-19 early in the pandemic remain controversial, with negative impacts including high rates of unemployment.
Peter D. Roopnarine +3 more
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The impact of strictly protected areas in a deforestation hotspot
Conservation Science and Practice, 2021 Protected areas are often thought of as a key conservation strategy for avoiding deforestation and retaining biodiversity; therefore, it is crucial to know how effective they are at achieving this purpose.
Stephanie Hernandez +3 more
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Counterfactual Desirability [PDF]
The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 2017 The desirability of what actually occurs is often influenced by what could have been. Preferences based on such value dependencies between actual and counterfactual outcomes generate a class of problems for orthodox decision theory, the best-known perhaps being the so-called Allais paradox.
Bradley, Richard, Stefánsson, H. Orri
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EQUILIBRIUM COUNTERFACTUALS [PDF]
International Economic Review, 2019 AbstractWe incorporate structural modelers into the economy they model. Using traditional moment matching, they treat policy changes as zero probability (or exogenous) “counterfactuals.” Bias occurs since real‐world agents understand policy changes are positive probability events guided by modelers. Downward, upward, or sign bias occurs.
Gilles Chemla, Christopher Hennessy
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Sensors, 2022 Hiding the identity of involved participants in the network, known as anonymity, is a crucial issue in some cryptographic applications such as electronic voting systems, auctions, digital signatures, and Byzantine agreements.
Saw Nang Paing +5 more
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International Journal of Computer Science in Sport, 2023 In baseball, every play on the field is quantitatively evaluated and the statistics have an effect on individual and team strategies. The weighted on base average (wOBA) is well known as a measure of a batter’s hitting contribution. However, this measure
Nakahara Hiroshi +2 more
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Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 1975 The inclusion of the formulae \((A > B) \vee (A> -B)\) and \((A \& B) \supset(A> B)\) as theorems of conditional sentential calculi is criticised and reasons are offered for including \(\square(A\supset B)\supset . (B> C) \supset . \diamond (A \& C) \supset .(A> C)\) as a theorem in such calculi.
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