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COUNTERFACTUALS IN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Problemos, 1998 The article exposes (in brief) the theories of the counterfactuals in analytical philosophy (metalinguistic, ontological and suppositionist) and discusses the conditions of assertability of counterfactuals in historiography.
Zenonas Norkus
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Consilience in Causation: Causal Emergence Is Found Across Measures of Causation [PDF]
EntropyCausation is fundamentally important to science, and yet our understanding of causation is spread out across disparate fields, with different measures of causation having been proposed in philosophy, statistics, psychology, and other areas.
Renzo Comolatti, Erik Hoel
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COVID-19 latent age-specific mortality in US states: a county-level spatio-temporal analysis with counterfactuals [PDF]
Frontiers in EpidemiologyDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, which spanned much of 2020–2023 and beyond, daily case and death counts were recorded globally. In this study, we examined available mortality counts and associated case counts, with a focus on the estimation missing ...
Andrew B. Lawson +2 more
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Uncertainty of Counterfactuals in Deep Learning
Proceedings of the International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, 2021 Counterfactuals have become a useful tool for explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Counterfactuals provide various perturbations to a data instance to yield an alternate classification from a machine learning model.
Katherine Elizabeth Brown +2 more
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Facts in counterfactuals-cognitive representations of Chinese counterfactuals
Scientific Reports, 2023 How do people represent counterfactuals? As languages differ in expressibility of counterfactuals—some languages employ explicit grammatical marking for counterfactuals while others do not—are some speakers’ representations of counterfactuals less ...
Yufei Ren, Gang Cui, Stella Christie
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On God’s Knowledge of Counterfactuals of Freedom [PDF]
پژوهشنامه فلسفه دین, 2021 To answer the problem of incompatibility between divine providence and creaturely freedom, Molinism suggests the theory of middle knowledge, a theory that claims by assuming God’s knowledge of counterfactuals of freedom, we can resolve the problem ...
Farid al-Din Sebt +3 more
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A Methodological Inquiry on Compatibility of Droysen’s Understanding and Weber’s Counterfactuals
Наукові записки НаУКМА: Філософія та релігієзнавство, 2022 Gustav Droysen introduced understanding as the method of history. Max Weber analyzed what-if statements or counterfactuals as a form of causal explanation. Both scholars had a common interest in understanding and explanation.
Mykola Bakaiev
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Counterfactuals, counteractuals, and free choice [PDF]
, 2021 In a recent paper, Pruss proves the validity of the rule beta-2 relative to Lewis’s semantics for counterfactuals, which is a significant step forward in the debate about the consequence argument.
Lampert, Fabio, Merlussi, Pedro
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On the Substitution of Identicals in Counterfactual Reasoning [PDF]
, 2020 It is widely held that counterfactuals, unlike attitude ascriptions, preserve the referential transparency of their constituents, i.e., that counterfactuals validate the substitution of identicals when their constituents do.
Alonso‐Ovalle Luis +11 more
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COUNTERFACTUAL ANALYSIS BY ALGORITHMIC COMPLEXITY: A METRIC BETWEEN POSSIBLE WORLDS
Manuscrito, 2022 Counterfactuals have become an important area of interdisciplinary interest, especially in logic, philosophy of language, epistemology, metaphysics, psychology, decision theory, and even artificial intelligence.
NICHOLAS CORRÊA +1 more
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