Results 61 to 70 of about 43,008 (285)
CoRR, 2016 Gradients have been used to quantify feature importance in machine learning models. Unfortunately, in nonlinear deep networks, not only individual neurons but also the whole network can saturate, and as a result an important input feature can have a tiny gradient.
Mukund Sundararajan +2 more
openaire +2 more sources
Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, EarlyView.ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of geographical indication (GI) certification on the export performance of Turkish agri‐food products by analyzing both trade volume and unit value dynamics. Drawing on monthly data from 2000 to 2024 across 22 GI‐certified products, the research employs product‐level regressions, fixed‐effects panel models ...
Ihlas Sovbetov, Muge Burcu Ozdemir
wiley +1 more source
If Metrical Structure Were Not Dynamical, Counterfactuals in General Relativity Would Be Easy [PDF]
, 2014 General relativity poses serious problems for counterfactual propositions peculiar to it as a physical theory. Because these problems arise solely from the dynamical nature of spacetime geometry, they are shared by all schools of thought on how ...
Curiel, Erik
core +2 more sources
On Counterfactuals and Contextuality
, 2004 Counterfactual reasoning and contextuality is defined and critically evaluated with regard to its nonempirical content. To this end, a uniqueness property of states, explosion views and link observables are introduced. If only a single context associated
Svozil, Karl
core +4 more sources
The Biofuels Blueprint: Understanding the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard
Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, EarlyView.ABSTRACT We provide a comprehensive review of the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), synthesizing nearly two decades of program evolution, market outcomes, and economic analysis. The RFS mandates minimum volumes of renewable fuel blending through a nested structure based on life‐cycle greenhouse gas reductions, enforced via tradeable Renewable ...
Maria Gerveni +3 more
wiley +1 more source
Frontiers in Psychology, 2022 In two studies, we investigated whether counterfactual messages (i.e., “If… then…”) on the economic costs of past public policies influence support for future climate change policies.
Mauro Bertolotti +2 more
doaj +1 more source
Wierenga on theism and counterpossibles [PDF]
, 2019 Several theists, including Linda Zagzebski, have claimed that theism is somehow committed to nonvacuism about counterpossibles. Even though Zagzebski herself has rejected vacuism, she has offered an argument in favour of it, which Edward Wierenga has ...
Lampert, Fabio
core
Agribusiness, EarlyView.Abstract This study explores the rent price ratio in agricultural land markets, crucial for evaluating market efficiency, policy needs, and farmer decision‐making. Traditionally, the analyses faced challenges due to the absence of concurrent sale and rent data for the same land, potentially leading to biased results.
Marius Michels +4 more
wiley +1 more source
Using counterfactuals to display facts – the case of satirical humor
ExELL (Explorations in English Language and Linguistics), 2016 Satire has not been given the humorologists’ attention to an extent that would do justice to the amount of humor satire actually holds. Therefore, the intention of this paper is to shed light on satire as humorous discourse, with an emphasis on ...
Maslo Adi
doaj +1 more source
Hiddleston’s Causal Modeling Semantics and the Distinction between Forward-Tracking and Backtracking Counterfactuals [PDF]
, 2017 Some cases show that counterfactual conditionals (‘counterfactuals’ for short) are inherently ambiguous, equivocating between forward-tracking and backtracking counterfactu- als.
Lee, Kok Yong
core