Results 51 to 60 of about 4,402 (251)
Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, EarlyView.ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between participation in the EU Rural Development Program and the economic performance of Italian olive farms using a finite‐mixture model with inverse‐probability‐weighted regression adjustment. Based on 2010–2022 FADN panel data, it estimates heterogeneous treatment effects while correcting for selection ...
Francesco Caracciolo, Marilena Furno
wiley +1 more source
Sufficient Causes: On Oxygen, Matches, and Fires
Journal of Causal Inference, 2019 We demonstrate how counterfactuals can be used to compute the probability that one event was/is a sufficient cause of another, and how counterfactuals emerge organically from basic scientific knowledge, rather than manipulative experiments.
Pearl Judea
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COUNTERFACTUALS AND PROPOSITIONAL CONTINGENTISM [PDF]
The Review of Symbolic Logic, 2017 AbstractThis article explores the connection between two theses: the principle of conditional excluded middle for the counterfactual conditional, and the claim that it is a contingent matter which (coarse grained) propositions there are. Both theses enjoy wide support, and have been defended at length by Robert Stalnaker.
Peter Fritz, Jeremy Goodman
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Delaying the Inevitable? U.S. Screwworm Closures and Feeder Cattle Market Dynamics
Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Biosecurity trade restrictions are commonly framed as preventive measures, yet in many settings they function primarily as policies of delay: they impose immediate market costs while only postponing the arrival of biological risks. This paper evaluates that intertemporal tradeoff using the 2024–2025 US suspension of live cattle imports from ...
Shelby Sumner +3 more
wiley +1 more source
Frontiers in Genetics, 2020 Treatment response is heterogeneous. However, the classical methods treat the treatment response as homogeneous and estimate the average treatment effects. The traditional methods are difficult to apply to precision oncology. Artificial intelligence (AI)
Qiyang Ge +7 more
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CoRR, 2016 Gradients have been used to quantify feature importance in machine learning models. Unfortunately, in nonlinear deep networks, not only individual neurons but also the whole network can saturate, and as a result an important input feature can have a tiny gradient.
Mukund Sundararajan +2 more
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Agribusiness, EarlyView.Abstract This study explores the rent price ratio in agricultural land markets, crucial for evaluating market efficiency, policy needs, and farmer decision‐making. Traditionally, the analyses faced challenges due to the absence of concurrent sale and rent data for the same land, potentially leading to biased results.
Marius Michels +4 more
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Context-Indexed Counterfactuals
Studia Semiotyczne, 2022 It is commonly believed that the role of context cannot be ignored in the analysis of conditionals, and counterfactuals in particular. On truth conditional accounts involving possible worlds semantics, conditionals have been analysed as expressions of ...
Mariusz Popieluch
doaj
Belgrade Philosophical AnnualIn this paper, I appeal to a quantified counterfactual logic in order to argue that van Inwagen's new version of the Consequence Argument, unlike the original version of his argument, is logically valid.
Hausmann Marco
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Some Notes on Counterfactuals in Quantum Mechanics
Entropy, 2020 Counterfactuals, i.e., events that could have occurred but eventually did not, play a unique role in quantum mechanics in that they exert causal effects despite their non-occurrence.
Avshalom C. Elitzur, Eliahu Cohen
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