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The virus-induced cyclic dinucleotide 2′3′-c-di-GMP mediates STING-dependent antiviral immunity in Drosophila [PDF]
Immunity, 2023 Jean-Luc Imler
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A carrier for cyclic dinucleotides
Nature Immunology, 2019Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are potent activators of the innate immune sensor STING. The identification of a CDN importer sheds new light on the regulation of extracellular CDNs.
Baptiste Guey, Andrea Ablasser
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Progress in Understanding the Molecular Basis Underlying Functional Diversification of Cyclic Dinucleotide Turnover Proteins [PDF]
Journal of Bacteriology, 2017 Zhao-Xun Liang +2 more
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Detection of Cyclic Dinucleotides by STING
2017STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is an essential signaling adaptor protein mediating cytosolic DNA-induced innate immunity for both microbial invasion and self-DNA leakage. STING is also a direct receptor for cytosolic cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), including the microbial secondary messengers c-di-GMP (3',3'-cyclic di-GMP), 3',3'cGAMP (3',3 ...
Xiao-Xia, Du, Xiao-Dong, Su
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cGAS produces a 2′-5′-linked cyclic dinucleotide second messenger that activates STING [PDF]
Nature, 2013 Detection of cytoplasmic DNA represents one of the most fundamental mechanisms of the innate immune system to sense the presence of microbial pathogens.
Veit Hornung +2 more
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Enzymatic Degradation of Linear Dinucleotide Intermediates of Cyclic Dinucleotides
2020Bacterial cyclic dinucleotides (cyclic di-GMP, cyclic di-AMP, and cyclic GMP-AMP) are signaling molecules that bind to intracellular receptors to regulate a wide range of processes. In response to environmental changes, bacteria alter the rate of both synthesis and degradation to control the concentration of cyclic dinucleotides.
Mona W. Orr, Vincent T. Lee
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Cyclic Dinucleotide Signaling in Mycobacteria
2020The success of a pathogen depends on its ability for long-term survival under hostile environmental conditions. In this regard, second nucleotide messengers like cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP play a major role. In mycobacteria, cyclic di-GMP has been shown to be involved in several fundamental phenotypes like cell division, biofilm formation, and ...
Anushya Petchiappan +2 more
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Polymorphism of Cyclic Dinucleotides
2015Cyclic dinucleotides such as cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP,) cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) and cyclic guanosine-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are important in cell signaling processes.
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Cyclic Dinucleotides Get Stung
Science Signaling, 2011The adaptor protein STING, which mediates the interferon response to microbial DNA, also acts as a direct sensor of cyclic dinucleotides.
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