Results 61 to 70 of about 4,926,046 (277)

Screening for lung cancer: A systematic review of overdiagnosis and its implications

Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.
Low‐dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer may increase overdiagnosis compared to no screening, though the risk is likely low versus chest X‐ray. Our review of 8 trials (84 660 participants) shows added costs. Further research with strict adherence to modern nodule management strategies may help determine the extent to which ...
Fiorella Karina Fernández‐Sáenz, Laura de la Torre‐Perez, David R Baldwin, Carlijn van der Aalst, Mangesh Thorat, David Ritchie, Andre L Carvalho, Carolina Espina, Ivan Solà, Carlos Canelo‐Aybar, Moira Magdalena Pissinis, Pablo Alonso‐Coello, Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes Pinto   +12 more
wiley   +1 more source

Entropy-Based Greedy Algorithm for Decision Trees Using Hypotheses

Entropy, 2021
In this paper, we consider decision trees that use both conventional queries based on one attribute each and queries based on hypotheses of values of all attributes. Such decision trees are similar to those studied in exact learning, where membership and
Mohammad Azad, Igor Chikalov, Shahid Hussain, Mikhail Moshkov   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

In vitro models of cancer‐associated fibroblast heterogeneity uncover subtype‐specific effects of CRISPR perturbations

Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.
Development of therapies targeting cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) necessitates preclinical model systems that faithfully represent CAF–tumor biology. We established an in vitro coculture system of patient‐derived pancreatic CAFs and tumor cell lines and demonstrated its recapitulation of primary CAF–tumor biology with single‐cell transcriptomics ...
Elysia Saputra, Shamsudheen Karuthedath Vellarikkal, Lixia Li, Hong Sun, Khoa Nguyen, Amber Montano, Suchitra Natarajan, Federica Piccioni, Alex Michael Tamburino, Xin Yu, Aleksandra Katarzyna Olow   +10 more
wiley   +1 more source

Interpretable surrogate models to approximate the predictions of convolutional neural networks in glaucoma diagnosis

Machine Learning: Science and Technology, 2023
Deep learning systems, especially in critical fields like medicine, suffer from a significant drawback, their black box nature, which lacks mechanisms for explaining or interpreting their decisions.
Jose Sigut, Francisco Fumero, Rafael Arnay, José Estévez, Tinguaro Díaz-Alemán   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Protein O‐glycosylation in the Bacteroidota phylum

FEBS Open Bio, EarlyView.
Species of the Bacteroidota phylum exhibit a unique O‐glycosylation system. It modifies noncytoplasmic proteins on a specific amino acid motif with a shared glycan core but a species‐specific outer glycan. A locus of multiple glycosyltransferases responsible for the synthesis of the outer glycan has been identified.
Lonneke Hoffmanns, Dennis Svedberg, André Mateus   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Production of antibacterial compounds by a Steely hybrid polyketide synthase in Dictyostelium

FEBS Open Bio, EarlyView.
By selecting appropriate production species under optimised culture conditions, new chlorinated dibenzofuran compounds, which previously could not be analysed in sufficient quantities, were identified from cellular slime mould fruiting bodies. The strong antibacterial activity exhibited by these compounds suggests a link to the ecological function of ...
Tomoaki R. Yamashita, Toyonobu Usuki, Robert R. Kay, Tamao Saito   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

A framework for sensitivity analysis of decision trees

Central European Journal of Operations Research, 2017
In the paper, we consider sequential decision problems with uncertainty, represented as decision trees. Sensitivity analysis is always a crucial element of decision making and in decision trees it often focuses on probabilities.
B. Kamiński, M. Jakubczyk, Przemysław Szufel   +2 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Evolutionary dynamics of the chloroplast genome in Daphne (Thymelaeaceae): comparative analysis with related genera and insights into phylogenetics

FEBS Open Bio, EarlyView.
Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from 14 genera of Thymelaeaceae revealed variation in gene content, ranging from 128 to 142 genes, primarily influenced by IR expansion/contraction events and pseudogenization of ndhF, ndhI, and ndhG. Two large inversions were detected within the large single‐copy region, including a synapomorphic inversion ...
Abdullah, Hui Li, Rushan Yan, Chengyu Chen, Madiha Islam, Abdul Majid, Ibrar Ahmed, Parviz Heidari, Xiaoxuan Tian   +8 more
wiley   +1 more source

Systemic T Cell Receptor Profiling Reveals Adaptive Immune Activation and Potential Immune Signatures of Diagnosis and Brain Atrophy in Epilepsy

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Objective Epilepsy is increasingly associated with immune dysregulation and inflammation. The T cell receptor (TCR), a key mediator of adaptive immunity, shows repertoire alterations in various immune‐mediated diseases. The unique TCR sequence serves as a molecular barcode for T cells, and clonal expansion accompanied by reduced overall TCR ...
Yong‐Won Shin, Sang Bin Hong, Yong Woo Shin, Inpyeong Hwang, Jaeseong Oh, Jihyeon Choi, Narae Kim, Jangsup Moon, Keun‐Hwa Jung, Kyung‐Il Park, Ki‐Young Jung, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee   +12 more
wiley   +1 more source

Building decision trees based on production knowledge as support in decision-making process

Production Engineering Archives, 2020
The article presents sources of production knowledge and thoroughly describes its identification which on the construction of decision trees, and on the construction of knowledge bases for production processes.
Matuszny Marcin
doaj   +1 more source