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Proceedings of the 1978 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing -, 1978 This paper surveys a number of kinds of default reasoning in Artificial Intelligence, specifically, default assignments to variables, the closed world assumption, the frame default for causal worlds, exceptions as defaults, and negation in Artificial Intelligence programming languages.
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Plausibility measures and default reasoning [PDF]
Journal of the ACM, 2001 We introduce a new approach to modeling uncertainty based onplausibility measures. This approach is easily seen to generalize other approaches to modeling uncertainty, such as probability measures, belief functions, and possibility measures. We focus on one application of plausibility measures in this paper: default reasoning. In recent years, a number
Nir Friedman, Joseph Y. Halpern
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Default Inheritance in Modified Statements: Bias or Inference?
Frontiers in Psychology, 2021 It is a fact that human subjects rate sentences about typical properties such as “Ravens are black” as very likely to be true. In comparison, modified sentences such as “Feathered ravens are black” receive lower ratings, especially if the modifier is ...
Corina Strößner
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NeuroImage: Clinical, 2018 Poor executive functioning increases risk of decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Executive functioning can be conceptualized within the framework of working memory.
Rebecca J. Melrose +7 more
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Two analogy strategies: the cases of mind metaphors and introspection
Connection Science, 2018 Analogical reasoning is often employed in problem-solving and metaphor interpretation. This paper submits that, as a default, analogical reasoning addressing these different tasks employs different mapping strategies.
Eugen Fischer
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A Unified Algebraic Framework for Non-Monotonicity [PDF]
Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science, 2019 Tremendous research effort has been dedicated over the years to thoroughly investigate non-monotonic reasoning. With the abundance of non-monotonic logical formalisms, a unified theory that enables comparing the different approaches is much called for ...
Nourhan Ehab, Haythem O. Ismail
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Default Reasoning and Generics [PDF]
Computational Intelligence, 1997 There are numerous logical formalisms capable of drawing conclusions using default rules. Such systems, however, do not normally determine where the default rules come from; i.e., what it is that makes Birds flya good rule, but Birds drive trucksa bad one.Generic sentences such as Birds fly are often used informally to describe default rules. I propose
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Defeasibility in Judicial Opinion: Logical or Procedural?
Informal Logic, 2008 While defeasibility in legal reasoning has been the subject of recent scholarship, it has yet to be studied in the context of judicial opinion. Yet, being subject to appeal, judicial decisions can default for a variety of reasons.
David Godden, Douglas Walton
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Does the COVID-19 war metaphor influence reasoning?
PLoS ONE, 2021 In recent times, many alarm bells have begun to sound: the metaphorical presentation of the COVID-19 emergency as a war might be dangerous, because it could affect the way people conceptualize the pandemic and react to it, leading citizens to endorse ...
Francesca Panzeri +2 more
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Reviewing the role of the positive breach of contract in the theory of default
Scientia Iuris, 2018 Currently, in Brazilian law, the positive breach of contract is applied as an autonomous instrument to protect the obligatory interests indirectly linked to the provision.
Fabio Queiroz Pereira +1 more
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