Results 261 to 270 of about 19,421,951 (301)
Origins of CD4+ Effector and Central Memory T Cells [PDF]
Nature Immunology, 2011 Lineage-committed effector CD4(+) T cells are generated at the peak of the primary response and are followed by heterogeneous populations of central and effector memory cells. Here we review the evidence that T helper type 1 (T(H)1) effector cells survive the contraction phase of the primary response and become effector memory cells.
Marion Pepper, Marc K. Jenkins
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Effector CD8 T Cells Dedifferentiate Into Long-Lived Memory Cells [PDF]
Nature, 2017 Memory CD8 T cells that circulate in the blood and are present in lymphoid organs are an essential component of long-lived T cell immunity. These memory CD8 T cells remain poised to rapidly elaborate effector functions upon re-exposure to pathogens, but also have many properties in common with naive cells, including pluripotency and the ability to ...
Koichi Araki +2 more
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Stem, Effector, and Hybrid States of Memory CD8+ T Cells [PDF]
Trends in Immunology, 2020 CD8+ T cell immunological memory of past antigen exposure can confer long-lived protection against infections or tumors. The fact that CD8+ memory T cells can have features of both naïve and effector cells has forced the field to struggle with several conceptual questions about the developmental origin of the cell and, consequently, the mechanism(s ...
Giovanni Galletti +2 more
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Transcriptional Control of Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cell Differentiation [PDF]
Nature Reviews Immunology, 2012 During an infection, T cells can differentiate into multiple types of effector and memory T cells, which help to mediate pathogen clearance and provide long-term protective immunity. These cells can vary in their phenotype, function and location, and in their long-term fate in terms of their ability to populate the memory T cell pool.
Weiguo Cui, Susan Kaech
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The effector to memory transition of CD4 T cells
Immunologic Research, 2007The small number of antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells surviving long-term after antigen or pathogen challenge are often characterized by a surprising degree of phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. We here propose that the immune system has evolved to express this diversity in memory T-cell populations, in order to provide flexibility in recall ...
K Kai, McKinstry +2 more
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Effector and Memory T-Cell Differentiation: Implications for Vaccine Development [PDF]
Nature Reviews Immunology, 2002 Recent work shows that after stimulation with antigen, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells embark on a programme of proliferation that is closely linked with the acquisition of effector functions and leads ultimately to memory-cell formation. Here, we discuss the signals required for commitment to this programme of development and the factors that might influence ...
Rafi Ahmed, John Wherry, Susan Kaech
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Homeostasis of naı̈ve, effector and memory CD8 T cells
Current Opinion in Immunology, 2002Homeostatic control of CD8 T cell populations is essential for defense against infectious pathogens. Our understanding of the mechanisms that control naïve, effector and memory T cell populations in the intact animal has increased significantly over the last several years. There have been some surprises.
Roman A, Tuma, Eric G, Pamer
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Local development of effector and memory T helper cells
Current Opinion in Immunology, 2007Clonal evolution underpins all facets of adaptive immunity. In particular, antigen-specific helper T (Th) cell development is central to high-affinity B cell immunity and protective vaccination. Dendritic cell maturation and TCR affinity-based selection mechanisms control the recruitment and effective propagation of preferred antigen-specific Th cell ...
Nicolas, Fazilleau +2 more
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