The Role of Expectancy Violation in Extinction Learning: A Two-Day Online Fear Conditioning Study [PDF]
Clinical Psychology in Europe, 2023 [Background] Exposure therapy is at the core of the treatment of pathological anxiety. While the inhibitory learning model proposes a framework for the mechanisms underlying exposure therapy, in particular expectancy violation, causal evidence for its ...
Daniel Gromer +2 more
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Dogs' expectations about occlusion events: from expectancy violation to exploration. [PDF]
Proc Biol Sci, 2023 Previous research on human infants has shown that violations of basic physical regularities can stimulate exploration, which may represent a type of hypothesis testing aimed at acquiring knowledge about new causal relationships.
Völter CJ +3 more
europepmc +6 more sources
Mechanisms of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of habituation and expectancy violation on short-term outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy [PDF]
BMC Psychiatry, 2022 Background Exposure and response prevention is effective and recommended as the first choice for treating obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). Its mechanisms of action are rarely studied, but two major theories make distinct assumptions: while the ...
Björn Elsner +4 more
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Maximizing expectancy violation and exposure outcomes in patients with PTSD [PDF]
European Journal of PsychotraumatologyBackground: It has been proposed that maximizing expectancy violation enhances the efficacy of exposure therapy. The clinical utility of expectancy violation remains unclear and it has not yet been studied in PTSD.Objective: We aimed to test whether ...
Marike J. Kooistra +4 more
doaj +3 more sources
Potential interactive effect of positive expectancy violation and sleep on memory consolidation in dogs [PDF]
Scientific ReportsIn dogs, as in humans, both emotional and learning pretreatment affect subsequent behaviour and sleep. Although learning often occurs in an emotional-social context, the emotion-learning interplay in such context remain mainly unknown.
Vivien Reicher +3 more
doaj +3 more sources
Expectancy Violation Drives Memory Boost for Stressful Events. [PDF]
Psychol Sci, 2020 Stressful events are often vividly remembered. Although generally adaptive to survival, this emotional-memory enhancement may contribute to stress-related disorders. We tested here whether the enhanced memory for stressful events is due to the expectancy
Kalbe F, Bange S, Lutz A, Schwabe L.
europepmc +5 more sources
Virtually Unexpected: No Role for Expectancy Violation in Virtual Reality Exposure for Public Speaking Anxiety [PDF]
Frontiers in Psychology, 2019 In the current study, we examined the role of expectancy violation and retrospective reasoning about the absence of feared outcomes in virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET). Participants fearful of public speaking were asked to give speeches in virtual
Sara Scheveneels +4 more
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Expectation violation reduces the accessibility of implicit suicidal concepts and explicit life concepts [PDF]
Frontiers in PsychologyIntroductionTerror Management Theory posits that threats to cultural worldviews increase death concept accessibility. Suicide and death concepts are related and jointly represent the fear of life.
Bo Liu +5 more
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Social InfluenceTwo lab-based experiments (N = 81 and N = 74) examined effects of co-present mobile phone use (frequently conceptualized as ‘phubbing’) on how individuals experience social interactions.
Mariek M. P. Vanden Abeele +2 more
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Neural Mechanisms of Reciprocity Availability and Expectancy Violation During Social Interaction [PDF]
Brain SciencesBackground: Reciprocity is a core mechanism of social bonding, signaling whether others are available and willing to provide support. The perception of reciprocity availability fosters trust and belonging, whereas its absence may elicit expectancy ...
Daniele Olivo +4 more
doaj +2 more sources