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Full Vectorial Field Sensing Using Liquid Crystal Droplet Arrays
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.An inkjet‐printed liquid crystal droplet array enables compact, low‐cost, single‐shot sensing of the full vectorial light field. Within a single platform, it simultaneously retrieves intensity, polarization, and phase, while dual‐wavelength operation highlights its capability for multi‐wavelength optical field characterization. ABSTRACT Determining the
Xuke Qiu +10 more
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Advanced Materials, EarlyView.Flexible neutral Zn‐air batteries achieving a remarkable 3000‐cycle lifespan and withstanding 1000 bending cycles are reported. This performance is realized by employing a 3D physically cross‐linked neutral hydrogel electrolyte that integrates high adhesion, self‐healing, O2 permeability, and CO2 tolerance to resolve critical stability challenges ...
Zhenyu Sun +3 more
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, 2017 A threat to external validity is any factor that limits the generalizability of an observed result. Unlike all threats to statistical conclusion and internal validities and some threats to construct validity, threats to external validity cannot ordinarily be controlled by design.
Richard McCleary +2 more
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Target Validity: Bringing Treatment of External Validity in Line with Internal Validity
Current Epidemiology Reports, 2020 Purpose of Review: "Target bias" is the difference between an estimate of association from a study sample and the causal effect in the target population of interest. It is the sum of internal and external bias.
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Journal of Consumer Research, 1983
s it is usually phrased, the question of external validity has to do with whether the results of a behavioral study would hold for other persons, settings, times, or places. Consistent with the original notions of Campbell and Stanley (1966) and Cook and Campbell (1977), we have argued that this concept of external validity is relatively less ...
Calder, Bobby J +2 more
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s it is usually phrased, the question of external validity has to do with whether the results of a behavioral study would hold for other persons, settings, times, or places. Consistent with the original notions of Campbell and Stanley (1966) and Cook and Campbell (1977), we have argued that this concept of external validity is relatively less ...
Calder, Bobby J +2 more
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The Concept of External Validity
Journal of Consumer Research, 1982Many researchers feel that external validity must be emphasized even in theoretical research. The argument for both a sophisticated and a common sense version of this contention is refuted in this paper. It is concluded that the very nature of progress in theoretical research argues against attempting to maximize external validity in the context of any
Calder, Bobby J +2 more
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Reconceptualising the External Validity of Discrete Choice Experiments
Pharmacoeconomics, 2014 External validity is a crucial but under-researched topic when considering using discrete choice experiment (DCE) results to inform decision making in clinical, commercial or policy contexts.
Emily Lancsar +2 more
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Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen, 2008
It is widely accepted that clinical trials have to be carefully reviewed for internal validity. In addition, aspects of external validity, which is also known as 'generalizability' or 'directness', must be considered. The question of whether the study results can be applied to clinical practice under different conditions than the study itself is of ...
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It is widely accepted that clinical trials have to be carefully reviewed for internal validity. In addition, aspects of external validity, which is also known as 'generalizability' or 'directness', must be considered. The question of whether the study results can be applied to clinical practice under different conditions than the study itself is of ...
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A conceptual framework for external validity
Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2021Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) encourages clinicians to seek the most reputable evidence. The quality of evidence is organized in a hierarchy in which randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are regarded as least biased. However, RCTs are plagued by poor generalizability, impeding the translation of clinical research to practice. Though the presence of poor
Amelia J. Averitt +3 more
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