Results 211 to 220 of about 28,460 (261)
Some of the next articles are maybe not open access.
Statistical model in tests for eye irritants
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1991A test used to classify substances for eye irritancy, as required by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, is performed on 1-3 groups of 6 albino rabbits in a sequential manner. When the statistical implications of the test are realized, it is possible for a substance to be classified as an irritant with fewer reactions than the number required for ...
openaire +2 more sources
In vitro predictive tests for eye irritants
Toxicology in Vitro, 1990The developments and attitudes towards in vitro testing since the first major workshop on irritation testing five years ago (Reinhardt et al., 1985) are summarized. Many test systems have been described and an increasing number of compounds tested. However, the in vivo data basis used for comparison is still heterogeneous and a proper analysis of most ...
openaire +3 more sources
The use of low-volume dosing in the eye irritation test
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1993The Draize rabbit eye test was developed to provide a method for assessing the irritation potential of materials that might come in contact with human eyes. The method involves the instillation of 0.1 ml of a test liquid (100 mg solid) into the conjunctival sac of an animal's eye. A refinement of the Draize test is the low-volume eye test in which 0.01
L.A. Lambert +13 more
openaire +2 more sources
Use of the Trypan Blue and Rabbit Eye Tests for Irritation
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Scientific ed.), 1950An objective method has been described for determining the irritant properties of substances designed for parenteral administration by means of the trypan blue test. Various concentrations of the substance to be studied are injected intracutaneously into the abdominal skin of the rabbit followed by the intravenous injection of 10 mg./Kg. of trypan blue.
J O, HOPPE, E B, ALEXANDER, L C, MILLER
openaire +2 more sources
Alternative Methods for Eye and Skin Irritation Tests: An Overview
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2008The evaluation of eye and skin irritation potential is essential to ensuring the safety of individuals in contact with a wide variety of substances designed for industrial, pharmaceutical or cosmetic use. The Draize rabbit eye and skin irritancy tests have been used for 60 years to attempt to predict the human ocular and dermal irritation of such ...
M P, Vinardell, M, Mitjans
openaire +2 more sources
An eye irritation test protocol and an evaluation and classification system
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1993An in vivo test protocol and an evaluation and classification system for the determination of eye irritation potential of chemicals and mixtures (substances) is proposed. The protocol uses two or three rabbits and reduces distress in test animals. The test substances are classified as non-irritant, irritant or severe irritant to meet regulatory needs ...
K.C. Gupta +10 more
openaire +2 more sources
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1993
The enucleated eye test (EET) with the isolated eye of rabbits has been recognized as a valuable alternative to the Draize test, because it represents a test system nearest to the in vivo test, without the need to use live animals. In this ex vivo bioassay, three parameters are measured to detect possible adverse eye effects, namely corneal swelling ...
M K, Prinsen, H B, Koëter
openaire +2 more sources
The enucleated eye test (EET) with the isolated eye of rabbits has been recognized as a valuable alternative to the Draize test, because it represents a test system nearest to the in vivo test, without the need to use live animals. In this ex vivo bioassay, three parameters are measured to detect possible adverse eye effects, namely corneal swelling ...
M K, Prinsen, H B, Koëter
openaire +2 more sources
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 2005
Huggins has reported on the current situation relating to the development of alternatives to the Draize eye irritation test with rabbits, and an ECVAM Working Group have reviewed the efforts needed in order to replace this animal test within the next 10 years by using the results of non-animal assessment methods.
Ingrid, Gerner +2 more
openaire +2 more sources
Huggins has reported on the current situation relating to the development of alternatives to the Draize eye irritation test with rabbits, and an ECVAM Working Group have reviewed the efforts needed in order to replace this animal test within the next 10 years by using the results of non-animal assessment methods.
Ingrid, Gerner +2 more
openaire +2 more sources
Assessment of the validity of animal techniques in eye-irritation testing
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1985Since its introduction 40 years ago, the Draize test for eye irritancy has remained largely unchanged in spite of long-standing controversy over ethical and scientific aspects. It is suggested that deficiencies in the data derived from the test which arise from defects in the basic test design, cannot be fully compensated for by supplementary methods ...
openaire +2 more sources
Exfoliative cytology as a refinement of the drake eye irritancy test☆
Toxicology Letters, 1983Collection of exfoliated cells from the eyes of albino rabbits was performed in conjunction with the Draize ocular irritancy test. At standard intervals after exposure to alcohols of known irritancy, exfoliated cells were retrieved from the conjunctival sac with a distilled water corneal rinse.
openaire +2 more sources