Results 51 to 60 of about 483,021 (202)

Repurposing antimicrobial agents for neuroprotection: Mechanisms, clinical potential, and challenges

Neuroprotection, EarlyView.
Antimicrobial agents exert neuroprotective effects through modulation of interconnected pathways. Tetracyclines, macrolides, antimalarial agents, sulfones, and antiparasitic agents suppress neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis while preserving mitochondrial function and neurotransmission.
Mohammad Amin Manavi, Mohammadreza Salehi, Razieh Mohammad Jafari, Ramin Goudarzi, Saman Khosravi, Ahmad Reza Dehpour   +5 more
wiley   +1 more source

Visual Pathways Involved in Fear Conditioning Measured with Fear-Potentiated Startle: Behavioral and Anatomic Studies

, 2001
Visual pathways to the amygdala, a brain structure critical for classical fear conditioning, were investigated. Conditioned fear was measured in rats as increased acoustic startle amplitude in the presence versus absence of a light or an odor paired ...
Michael Davis, Changjun Shi
core   +1 more source

TRPM3 regulates fear memory encoding and seizure susceptibility in the lateral amygdala

British Journal of Pharmacology, EarlyView.
Abstract Background and purpose TRPM3 is best known for its role as a peripheral sensor of pain and heat. Recent studies reporting gain‐of‐function TRPM3 mutations in patients with neurodevelopmental and epilepsy‐associated disorders suggest a previously unrecognized role of this channel in the brain.
Attila Gyéresi, Laura Mundrucz, Máté Deák, Angéla Kecskés, Éva Borbély, Viktória Kormos, Balázs Gaszner, Orsolya Mihály, Balázs István Tóth, Joris Vriens, Thomas Voets, Erzsébet Kövesdi, Miklós Kecskés   +12 more
wiley   +1 more source

Looking for trouble: A common threat‐detection mechanism underlying pain, fear, and anxiety

Mind &Language, EarlyView.
I put forward a novel cognitive architecture for pain, fear, and anxiety, according to which these three capacities are underpinned by a common threat‐detection mechanism. This mechanism takes information about potential threats as input, assesses whether the threat is actual and, if it deems it is, outputs a threat representation.
Luca Barlassina
wiley   +1 more source

A. Fear-potentiated startle pathway.

, 2016
The primary acoustic startle pathway comprises only a few synapses involving the cochlear root neurons, neurons in the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, and motoneurons in the spinal cord that innervate the musculus orbicularis oculi and illicit the ...
Claus Normann (304104), Christoph Nissen (316092), Jens Blechert (117915), Marion Kuhn (2219386), Nora Höger (2219389), Bernd Feige (117910)   +5 more
core   +1 more source

Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on Conditioned Fear Extinction and Retention in a Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022
Background: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has shown initial promise as an adjunct in psychotherapy to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated across phase I–III studies. However, the mechanism
Patrick Vizeli, Patrick Vizeli, Patrick Vizeli, Isabelle Straumann, Isabelle Straumann, Urs Duthaler, Urs Duthaler, Nimmy Varghese, Nimmy Varghese, Anne Eckert, Anne Eckert, Martin P. Paulus, Victoria Risbrough, Victoria Risbrough, Matthias E. Liechti, Matthias E. Liechti   +15 more
doaj   +1 more source

Effects of early maternal care on anxiety and threat learning in adolescent nonhuman primates

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
Early life adverse experiences, including childhood maltreatment, are major risk factors for psychopathology, including anxiety disorders with dysregulated fear responses.
Elyse L. Morin, Erin R. Siebert, Brittany R. Howell, Melinda Higgins, Tanja Jovanovic, Andrew M. Kazama, Mar M. Sanchez   +6 more
doaj   +1 more source

Modulation of physiological reflexes by pain: role of the locus coeruleus

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 2012
The locus coeruleus is activated by noxious stimuli, and this activation leads to inhibition of perceived pain. As two physiological reflexes, the acoustic startle reflex and the pupillary light reflex, are sensitive to noxious stimuli, this sensitivity,
Elemer eSzabadi
doaj   +1 more source

‘Chrystalline Talk’: Thomas Browne's Poetics of Concretion and Mineral Plain Style

Renaissance Studies, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT This article charts the figuration, both material and rhetorical, of mineral bodies in early modern natural philosophy, paying particular attention to the second book of Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica (1646). It argues that concretions (stony calculi and crystals formed through the aggregation of physical matter) make manifest a mineral
Jess Dunmore
wiley   +1 more source

Contingency awareness and its effects on fear-potentiated startle and extinction [PDF]

, 2019
Fear-potentiated startle is defined as an increase in the magnitude of the startle reflex in the presence of a stimulus that has been paired with an aversive stimulus or event.
Sandvik, Rikke Pauline
core