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On swap rate dynamics: to freeze or not to freeze?

International Journal of Computer Mathematics, 2015
We explore the implications of a common market and academic practice which is known as ‘freezing the drift’ when dealing with swap interest rate dynamics. In mathematical terms this can be better understood as imposing a low variance martingale (LVM) assumption.
R. M. Gaspar, Rita Pimentel
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Freezing and freeze-drying of microorganisms

Cryobiology, 1964
Some papers reporting the effects of intense cold on microorganisms had already appeared in the 19th century and since then there have been a great many investigations of the freezing of microorganisms.3* 53 ‘I, 12 These experiments demonstrate that a wide variety of microorganisms can survive cooling to and storage at very low temperatures.
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Freeze-Substitution and Freeze-Drying

1987
Freeze-substitution (FS) and freeze-drying (FD) are dehydration techniques by which the water is gently removed from a frozen specimen. Both techniques can serve as a link between cryofixation and conventional thin sectioning at room temperature (Fig. 1).
Steinbrecht, R., Müller, M.
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Freezing and Freeze-Drying

2016
Freezing of biological materials is commonly carried out to delay biochemical and chemical changes resulting in loss of activity. However, the physicochemical background of freezing is not well understood. Freeze-drying is generally aimed at preserving biological materials and bioactive components for long periods of time without the need for frozen ...
Yrjö H. Roos   +2 more
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Special (Emerging) Freezing Techniques (Dehydrofreezing, Pressure-Shift Freezing, Ultrasonic-Assisted Freezing, and Hydrofluidization Freezing)

2012
Fil: Martino, Miriam Nora. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos.
Ramallo, Laura Ana   +2 more
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Freezing and Freeze-Drying of Bull Spermatozoa

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, 1957
The possible dependance of survival upon the time spermatozoa are in contact with the protective substance glycerol, prior to exposure to low temperatures, was investigated. Pretreatment for 5 minutes provided at least as much protection as 18 hours.
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Freezing of oocytes

Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1999
Storing oocytes is one of the challenges of assisted reproduction which may provide an alternative to embryo cryopreservation. Despite early disappointing results regarding survival, fertilization and cleavage rates, which led to only sporadic pregnancies in more than ten years, the recent introduction of technical modification greatly improved the ...
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Freeze the Ocean

Archives of Neurology, 1991
The Journal of the American Medical Association and its family of specialty journals are addressing the issue of access to medical care. Matthew Menken presents a thoughtful look at this problem in a special article in this issue. 1 One of the major priorities in most industrialized nations is the provision of universal access to high-quality medical ...
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To Freeze or Not to Freeze

AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 2005
Lynn Schnautz   +4 more
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Enzyme storage—to freeze or not to freeze?

Biochemical Society Transactions, 1989
J P, Hill, F M, Dickinson
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