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Carotenoids and Gene Regulation

Nutrition Reviews, 2009
Consumption of dietary carotenoids, plant pigments found in green, yellow, and orange fruits and vegetables, has been linked to decreased risk of cancer. Several intervention trials with beta-carotene, however, have failed to confirm this association. Indeed, in current smokers, beta-carotene appeared to increase risk. These disturbing results have not
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Gene Regulation in Spermatogenesis

2005
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex hormone-dependent developmental program in which a myriad of events must take place to ensure that germ cells reach their proper stage of development at the proper time. Many of these events are controlled by cell type- and stage-specific transcription factors.
Miles F. Wilkinson, James A. MacLean
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Gene Regulation by Melatonin

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2000
Abstract: The physiological and neuroendocrine functions of the pineal gland hormone, melatonin, and its therapeutic potential critically depend on the understanding of its target sites and its mechanisms of action. This has progressed considerably in the last few years through the cloning of G protein‐coupled seven‐transmembrane melatonin receptors ...
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Gene Regulation by Methylation

2009
Epigenetic gene regulation of specific genes strongly affects clinical outcome of malignant glioma. MGMT is the best studied gene for the connection of promoter methylation and clinical course in glioblastoma. While MGMT promoter methylation analysis currently does not alter treatment of glioblastoma patients, mainly because of a lack of convincing ...
Wolf Mueller, Andreas von Deimling
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STATs and Gene Regulation

Science, 1997
STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are a family of latent cytoplasmic proteins that are activated to participate in gene control when cells encounter various extracellular polypeptides. Biochemical and molecular genetic explorations have defined a single tyrosine phosphorylation site and, in a dimeric partner ...
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Histones as Regulators of Genes

Scientific American, 1992
Histones were once dismissed as little more than packing material for nuclear DNA. In fact, these proteins can both repress and facilitate activation of many genes.
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Regulation of Gene Expression

New England Journal of Medicine, 1994
Genetics is a language with rules of composition that give the tissues of the body their special traits. These rules govern the activation of particular subgroups of genes, which determine not only the unique characteristics of a cell type but also whether it remains quiescent, divides, or dies. The timing of gene activation is very important. If genes
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Regulation of Gene Expression

2011
Although all cells in a multicellular organism carry the same genes, they become specialized cells with different functions, regulated by the unique expression of the genes they carry. This chapter introduces the subject of prokaryotic and eukaryotic regulation of gene expression. Prokaryotes principally turn their genes on and off using activators and
Chung-Eun Ha, Nadhipuram V. Bhagavan
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Estrogen-Regulated Genes

1999
Estrogens are small molecules of relatively simple structure, endowed however with the ability to trigger a vast array of physiological responses of significant biological complexity. These responses range from the expression of cell type-specific differentiated cellular responses to induction or inhibition of the expression and function of specific ...
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