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Mechanism of High Grain Refinement Effectiveness on New Grain Refiner “TiBAl Advance”
2021Grain refiners are used in the aluminum DC casting process to refine the cast structure. On the other hand, high levels of TiB2 particles and other inclusions from the grain refiner can cause clogging of the melt filter. Improvement of the grain refinement effectiveness is required in order to reduce the addition level of grain refiners.
Akihiro Minagawa, Matthew Piper
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Whole grains, refined grains and fortified refined grains: What’s the difference?
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000Dietary guidance universally supports the importance of grains in the diet. The United States Department of Agriculture pyramid suggests that Americans consume from six to 11 servings of grains per day, with three of these servings being whole grain products. Whole grain contains the bran, germ and endosperm, while refined grain includes only endosperm.
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2016
Grain formation during solidification of magnesium and Mg-Al alloys has been studied with a focus on grain refinement mechanisms, solute and particle effects. The variation in grain size with increased aluminium content in hypoeutectic Mg-Al alloys showed a continuous decrease in grain size up to 5 wt% Al, and a stabilisation at higher Al contents ...
Lee, Y. C., Dahle, A. K., St John, D. H.
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Grain formation during solidification of magnesium and Mg-Al alloys has been studied with a focus on grain refinement mechanisms, solute and particle effects. The variation in grain size with increased aluminium content in hypoeutectic Mg-Al alloys showed a continuous decrease in grain size up to 5 wt% Al, and a stabilisation at higher Al contents ...
Lee, Y. C., Dahle, A. K., St John, D. H.
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Different grain morphologies in grain-refined 7075 billet
Materials Science and Technology, 2009Different grain morphologies are identified in the central portion of a direct-chill cast, grain-refined 7075-alloy billet, i.e. coarse-cell and fine-cell dendrite grains and grains that are less developed than the bulk of the structure. Three-dimensional reconstruction of a representative volume is used for separating these distinct grain types ...
D. G. Eskin +3 more
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3DXRD: Grain Maps, Grain Dynamics and Grain Refinements
Crystallography Reviews, 2004The three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) method is reviewed. The method is based on the use of high-energy X-rays from synchrotron sources and a ‘tomographic’ approach to diffraction. With 3DXRD the structure of the embedded grains within polycrystals or powders can be characterised non-destructively within millimetre to centimetre size ...
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Grain refinement in undercooled nickel
Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1995In this paper, the microstructures of undercooled Ni that solidified at various initial bulk undercoolings are examined in detail in order to understand the mechanism of grain refinement in metallic systems. Molten Ni contracts on solidification. In the experiment, since it was covered by molten glass flux, upon crystallization cavities had to form to ...
K.K. Leung, C.P. Chiu, H.W. Kui
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Grain Refining through Semisolid Processing
Solid State Phenomena, 2014Semisolid process can be used as grain refining method to replace conventional chemical grain refining approach. Typical semisolid slurry making techniques were introduced in the paper as potential semisolid grain refining methods. The temperature and morphology control for grain refining through semisolid process were enhanced to achieve fine particle
Ming Xu Xia, Jian Guo Li, Zhong Yun Fan
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Materials Science Forum, 2014
Recently significant successes have been achieved in the field of grain refinement by means of such additives as the titanium, zirconium, scandium, AlTiB and AlTiC. However, introduction of grain refining additives results to a number of negative effects. These effects can be divided into four basic groups: 1.
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Recently significant successes have been achieved in the field of grain refinement by means of such additives as the titanium, zirconium, scandium, AlTiB and AlTiC. However, introduction of grain refining additives results to a number of negative effects. These effects can be divided into four basic groups: 1.
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Grain refinement of magnesium alloys
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2005The literature on grain refinement of magnesium alloys is reviewed with regard to two broad groups of alloys: alloys that contain aluminum and alloys that do not contain aluminum. The alloys that are free of aluminum are generally very well refined by Zr master alloys.
St. John, David H. +4 more
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Nucleation and Grain Refinement
Materials Science Forum, 2010The nucleation dynamics and grain refinement during solidification are reviewed. Control of the nucleation of phases is an essential step in the manufacture of optimized materials. Development of inoculants is still based on trial-and-error. Using aluminium as an example, it is shown that there is much room for significant improvements.
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