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A theory of graphemics

Acta Linguistica, 1960
Abstract In recent years, following upon the development of phonemic theory, there have been several discussions of the relation of phonemes to their written notation 1 , and parallel to phoneme and phonemics, the terms grapheme and graphemics have come into use.
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Pupillometry of Grapheme-Color Synaesthesia

Cortex, 2006
Pupil diameters of color-grapheme synaesthetes were measured with an infrared eye-tracker while Stroop-like alphanumeric symbols were passively viewed. Pupils dilated more when synaesthetes viewed incongruently-colored symbols than congruently-colored symbols or symbols printed in the standard black ink.
Helle Gaare, Paulsen, Bruno, Laeng
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Graphemes are perceptual reading units

Cognition, 2000
Graphemes are commonly defined as the written representation of phonemes. For example, the word 'BREAD' is composed of the four phonemes /b/, /r/, /e/ and /d/, and consequently, of the four graphemes 'B', 'R', 'EA', and 'D'. Graphemes can thus be considered the minimal 'functional bridges' in the mapping between orthography and phonology.
Rey, Arnaud   +2 more
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Graphemic Jargon: A Case Report

Brain and Language, 1994
We report on a patient with left hemispheric thromboembolic stroke whose writing performance on single word dictation following recovery from an aphasic syndrome remained severely impaired but fluent. Having only very fragmentary command of the target's written spelling she produced neologistic nonwords which were approximately the same length and ...
K, Schonauer, G, Denes
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Segmentation and Normalisation in Grapheme Codebooks

2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2011
The grapheme codebook is a high-performing technique for offline writer identification. This paper considers whether the de facto standards for initial grapheme extraction are optimal for both modern and historical datasets. We examine the construction and representation of the graphemes that comprise the codebook, testing three segmentation methods ...
Tara Gilliam   +2 more
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Spatially Adherent Graphemic Perseveration

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 2010
There are several forms of agraphia, including: aphasic agraphia, where patients have impairments in writing the correct words or correctly spelling words; apraxic agraphia, where patients are impaired in making the movements needed to write letters; and spatial agraphia, where patients might fail to write letters on one side of a word or write on one ...
Waldo Rigoberto, Guerrero   +3 more
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Preparation and Application of Grapheme

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
Graphene is a kind of new carbon material with isomer. Its basic structure is composed of six carbon atoms in closed loop structure. In order to make graphene with excellent properties in practical application, people have proposed various methods of preparing grapheme. Graphene shows promising applications in solar cell.
Li Liu, Chang Chun Zhou
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Grapheme-to-Phoneme and Phoneme-to-Grapheme Conversion in Belarusian with NooJ for TTS and STT Systems

2016
To process texts in any language, a full and thorough description of the given language is required. The authors of this article have noted that, while much has been done in the development of language processing with NooJ, so far little attention has been paid to issues related to phonetic language features.
Vadim Zahariev   +3 more
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THE GRAPHEME

2014
A graphemics parallel in every way to phonemics is rendered infeasible by several familiar considerations, such as (i) the partial dependence of graphies on phonemic form, (ii) the fact that graphic systems are of many different kinds, while all phonemic systems are of essentially the same kind, (iii) the relative artificiality of graphic systems.
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Models of Lithuanian Grapheme Frequencies

Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 2018
AbstractWhile the study of grapheme counts dates from ancient Greeks, that of their frequencies dates from the ninth century AD. These studies moved beyond the comparison of means after almost a millennium. Because of their use in cryptanalysis and elsewhere grapheme frequencies continued to be studied. Published work in the area has been concentrating
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