Long Noncoding RNAs in Plant Viroids and Viruses: A Review
Pathogens, 2020 Infectious long-noncoding (lnc) RNAs related to plants can be of both viral and non-viral origin. Viroids are infectious plant lncRNAs that are not related to viruses and carry the circular, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that replicate with host ...
Nipin Shrestha, Józef J. Bujarski
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Vaccinia virus as a subhelper for AAV replication and packaging
Molecular Therapy: Methods & Clinical Development, 2015 Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been widely used as a gene therapy vector to treat a variety of disorders. While these vectors are increasingly popular and successful in the clinic, there is still much to learn about the viruses.
Andrea R Moore +3 more
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Snake Deltavirus Utilizes Envelope Proteins of Different Viruses To Generate Infectious Particles
mBio, 2020 Satellite viruses, most commonly found in plants, rely on helper viruses to complete their replication cycle. The only known example of a human satellite virus is the hepatitis D virus (HDV), and it is generally thought to require hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Leonora Szirovicza +5 more
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The low spike density of HIV may have evolved because of the effects of T helper cell depletion on affinity maturation. [PDF]
PLoS Computational Biology, 2018 The spikes on virus surfaces bind receptors on host cells to propagate infection. High spike densities (SDs) can promote infection, but spikes are also targets of antibody-mediated immune responses.
Assaf Amitai +2 more
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CD4 T Helper Cell Subsets and Related Human Immunological Disorders
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020 The immune system plays a critical role in protecting hosts from the invasion of organisms. CD4 T cells, as a key component of the immune system, are central in orchestrating adaptive immune responses.
Xiaoliang Zhu, Jinfang Zhu
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Virus Satellites Drive Viral Evolution and Ecology.
PLoS Genetics, 2015 Virus satellites are widespread subcellular entities, present both in eukaryotic and in prokaryotic cells. Their modus vivendi involves parasitism of the life cycle of their inducing helper viruses, which assures their transmission to a new host. However,
Belén Frígols +8 more
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Investigating the Signaling Pathways Involved in Fighting Opportunistic Virus Infection with Helper T Lymphocyte Cells [PDF]
مجله انفورماتیک سلامت و زیست پزشکی, 2023 Introduction: People with weakened immune system are more prone to opportunistic infections (OIs). Finding the association of these viruses and the transmission pathways associated with these viruses, such as EBV and CMV, play a significant role in ...
Parisa Hassanzadeh +2 more
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Comparison of replication-competent, first generation, and helper-dependent adenoviral vaccines. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2009 All studies using human serotype 5 Adenovirus (Ad) vectors must address two major obstacles: safety and the presence of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies. Helper-Dependent (HD) Ads have been proposed as alternative vectors for gene therapy and vaccine
Eric A Weaver +7 more
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Assays for Endogenous and Exogenous Lymphoid Leukosis Viruses and Chick Helper Factor with RSV(−) Cell Lines [PDF]
Infection and Immunity, 1979 Japanese quail cells transformed by the envelope-defective Bryan high-titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus [R(−)Q] were used as a source of the Rous sarcoma virus genome in three kinds of assays. (i) The simplest and most sensitive assay for infectious, endogenous viruses of the chicken belonging to subgroup E involved infection of a mixture of R(−)Q ...
L. Crittenden, D. A. Eagen, F. A. Gulvas
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New Insights into the Genome Organization of Yeast Double-Stranded RNA LBC Viruses
Microorganisms, 2022 The yeasts Torulaspora delbrueckii (Td) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) may show a killer phenotype that is encoded in dsRNA M viruses (V-M), which require the helper activity of another dsRNA virus (V-LA or V-LBC) for replication.
Manuel Ramírez +2 more
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