Results 31 to 40 of about 89,978 (184)

Formation of Power-law Energy Spectra in Space Plasmas by Stochastic Acceleration due to Whistler-Mode Waves [PDF]

, 1998
A non-relativistic Fokker-Planck equation for the electron distribution function is formulated incorporating the effects of stochastic acceleration by whistler-mode waves and Coulomb collisions.
Armstrong, Christon, Chun-yu Ma, Collier, Danny Summers, Dermer, Dessler, Divine, Gosling, Gurevich, Hasegawa, Hinton, Kennel, Kivelson, Mace, Mace, Melrose, Pryadka, Schlickeiser, Sittler, Steinacker, Summers, Summers, Summers, Summers, Vasyliunas, Xue   +26 more
core   +2 more sources

On the non-thermal kappa-distributed electrons in planetary nebulae and HII regions: the kappa index and its correlations with other nebular properties

, 2015
Recently, a suspicion arose that the free electrons in planetary nebulae (PNe) and HII regions might have non-thermal energy distributions. In this scenario, a kappa index is introduced to characterize the electron energy distributions, with smaller ...
Liu, Xiao-Wei, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Yong
core   +1 more source

Loading a relativistic Kappa distribution in particle simulations

Physics of Plasmas, 2022
A procedure for loading particle velocities from a relativistic kappa distribution in particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo simulations is presented. It is based on the rejection method and the beta prime distribution. The rejection part extends earlier method for the Maxwell–Jüttner distribution, and then the acceptance rate reaches ≳95%.
Seiji Zenitani, Shin'ya Nakano
openaire   +2 more sources

Penalized likelihood approach for the four-parameter kappa distribution

Journal of Applied Statistics, 2021
The four-parameter kappa distribution (K4D) is a generalized form of some commonly used distributions such as generalized logistic, generalized Pareto, generalized Gumbel, and generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions. Owing to its flexibility, the K4D is widely applied in modeling in several fields such as hydrology and climatic change.
Nipada Papukdee, Jeong-Soo Park, Piyapatr Busababodhin   +2 more
openaire   +3 more sources

On the Simplification of Statistical Mechanics for Space Plasmas

Entropy, 2017
Space plasmas are frequently described by kappa distributions. Non-extensive statistical mechanics involves the maximization of the Tsallis entropic form under the constraints of canonical ensemble, considering also a dyadic formalism between the ...
George Livadiotis
doaj   +1 more source

Energy distribution of precipitating electrons estimated from optical and cosmic noise absorption measurements [PDF]

Annales Geophysicae, 2004
This study is a statistical analysis on energy distribution of precipitating electrons, based on CNA (cosmic noise absorption) data obtained from the 256-element imaging riometer in Poker Flat, Alaska (65.11° N, 147.42° W), and optical data measured ...
H. Mori, M. Ishii, Y. Murayama, M. Kubota, K. Sakanoi, M.-Y. Yamamoto, Y. Monzen, D. Lummerzheim, B. J. Watkins   +8 more
doaj   +1 more source

On the entropy of plasmas described with regularized $\kappa$-distributions

, 2018
In classical thermodynamics the entropy is an extensive quantity, i.e.\ the sum of the entropies of two subsystems in equilibrium with each other is equal to the entropy of the full system consisting of the two subsystems.
Fahr, H. J., Fichtner, H., Lazar, M., Scherer, K., Vörös, Z.   +4 more
core   +1 more source

KAPPA: A Package for the Synthesis of Optically Thin Spectra for the Non-Maxwellian κ-Distributions. III. Improvements to Ionization Equilibrium and Extension to κ < 2

The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 2023
The KAPPA package is designed for calculations of optically thin spectra for the non-Maxwellian κ -distributions. This paper presents an extension of the database to allow calculations of the spectra for extreme values of κ < 2, which are important for ...
Elena Dzifčáková, Jaroslav Dudík, Martina Pavelková, Božena Solarová, Alena Zemanová   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Exospheric Solar Wind Model Based on Regularized Kappa Distributions for the Electrons Constrained by Parker Solar Probe Observations

Plasma, 2023
In the present work, the kinetic exospheric model of the solar wind is improved by considering regularized Kappa distributions that have no diverging moments through consideration of a cut-off at relativistic velocities.
Viviane Pierrard, Maximilien Péters de Bonhome, Jasper Halekas, Charline Audoor, Phyllis Whittlesey, Roberto Livi   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

Kappa Distributions: Theory and Applications in Space Plasmas [PDF]

Solar Physics, 2010
At the time of submission to arxiv this paper is under consideration of editors for publication in a review journal.
Pierrard, V., Lazar, M.
openaire   +2 more sources