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Markets and Costs of Using Markets
2005There was a fundamental shift in intellectual thinking from the embrace of state planning to the belief in free markets during the second half of the twentieth century. When the world came out of World War II, state planning and public ownership was unmistakably in the ascendant.
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Measurement Cost and the Organization of Markets
The Journal of Law and Economics, 1982PEOPLE will exchange only if they perceive what they get to be more valuable than what they give. To form such perceptions, the attributes of the traded items have to be measured. Some measurements are easy to obtain; others pose difficulties. For example, determining the weight of an orange may be a low-cost, accurate operation. Yet what is weighed is
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Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1970
There exists a wealth of statistical data in the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food on agricultural structure and production, and on the consumption of food, much of which is well known and readily available to research workers outside. But much less is known about the manufacturing and distribution costs of food between the farm gate and the ...
G. H. Wollen, G. Turner
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There exists a wealth of statistical data in the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food on agricultural structure and production, and on the consumption of food, much of which is well known and readily available to research workers outside. But much less is known about the manufacturing and distribution costs of food between the farm gate and the ...
G. H. Wollen, G. Turner
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Sunk Costs, Market Structure, and Growth
International Economic Review, 1996Summary: I present a model of endogenous innovation where firms undertake in-house research and development (R\&D). The concentration of sales and R\&D resources determines the scale and efficiency of R\&D operations and rate of productivity growth. In zero-profit equilibrium, R\&D expenditure is one component of total fixed costs and determines the ...
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ACCOUNTING FOR MARKETING COSTS
The Bottom Line, 1990Marketing? What marketing? Accounting? Isn't keeping up with the budget a big enough headache? We can almost hear your groans. Marketing is a significant part of most corporate budgets and resource allocations. It is particularly important for service organizations such as libraries, but the terminology hasn't been used until recently.
Donald Macintyre, Sherman Hayes
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A GENEALOGY FOR 'COST OR MARKET'
The Accounting Review, 1941Abstract Several surveys of inventory practices have been made. The N.A.C.A. Bulletin of March, 1937, showed that 87% of 197 companies used the rule of cost or market whichever is lower for raw materials in their balance sheets. A report of February 1938 by the National Industrial Conference Board analyzed 916 companies.
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Costing in an uncertain market
Batiment International, Building Research and Practice, 1982Based on another paper given at the Dublin CIB symposium on construction management, the author examines the practical costing problems which construction firms encounter, with particular reference to marginal analysis. He suggests how this analytical approach may be adapted, even though builders have to price in advance in an uncertain market and have
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FROM COSTS TO THE MARKET: THE DIVERGENCE BETWEEN COSTS AND MARKET VALUE
Proceedings of the 17th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference - Milan, Italy, 2010openaire +1 more source