Results 121 to 130 of about 9,303,620 (306)

Energetic Offset in Organic Solar Cells‐ Importance, Confusion and Outlook

Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
Energetic offsets in organic solar cells (OSCs) remain a subject of debate due to measurement‐ and lab‐dependent discrepancies. This Perspective clarifies the physical origins of these variations and identifies temperature‐dependent electro‐optical methods as a reliable approach to obtain consistent offset values.
Nakul Jain, Xian'e Li, Mats Fahlman, Olle Inganäs, Koen Vandewal, Feng Gao   +5 more
wiley   +1 more source

Clarifying social norms which have robustness against reputation costs and defector invasion in indirect reciprocity

Scientific Reports
The evolution of cooperation through indirect reciprocity is a pivotal mechanism for sustaining large-scale societies. Because third parties return cooperative behaviour in indirect reciprocity, reputations that assess and share these third parties ...
Hitoshi Yamamoto, Isamu Okada, Tatsuya Sasaki, Satoshi Uchida   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

When Equality Trumps Reciprocity: Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment [PDF]

Inequity aversion and reciprocity have been identified as two primary motivations underlying human decision making. However, because income and wealth inequality exist to some degree in all societies, these two key motivations can point to different ...
Bicchieri, Cristina, Xiao, Erte
core  

Limits to the Hall Effect and Other Nonreciprocal Effects in Three‐Dimensional Metamaterials

Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
Comprehensive and fundamental bounds on nonreciprocal effects in three‐dimensional metamaterials are derived. They reveal that the effective Hall mobility cannot exceed the largest constituent mobility, that, under certain conditions, the Verdet constant cannot be enhanced, and that, for constituents with Hall coefficients of the same sign, the largest
Christian Kern, Graeme W. Milton
wiley   +1 more source

Sharing or Hiding? Exploring the Influence of Social Cognition and Emotion on Employee Knowledge Behaviors within Enterprise Social Media

Behavioral Sciences
As emerging knowledge management platforms, enterprise social media (ESM) provide an important way for employees to engage in knowledge sharing and information communication within their organization.
Mingming He, Ziyi Yuan, Wenhao She
doaj   +1 more source

Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocity [PDF]

This paper shows that reciprocity has powerful implications for many economic domains. It is an important determinant in the enforcement of contracts and social norms and enhances the possibilities of collective action greatly. Reciprocity may render the
Simon Gaechter, Ernst Fehr
core  

LEAD: Literature Enhanced Ab Initio Discovery of Nitride Dusting Layers for Enhanced Tunnel Magnetoresistance and Lower Resistance Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using MgO tunnel barriers face challenges of high resistance‐area product and low tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR). To discover alternative materials, Literature Enhanced Ab initio Discovery (LEAD) is developed. The LEAD‐predicted materials are theoretically evaluated, showing that MTJs with dusting of ScN or TiN on ...
Sabiq Islam, William S. Rogers, Chen‐Yu Hu, Ming‐Yuan Song, Xinyu Bao, Shehrin Sayed, Jean Anne C. Incorvia   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Strong Reciprocity, Human Cooperation and the Enforcement of Social Norms [PDF]

This paper provides strong evidence challenging the self-interest assumption that dominates the behavioral sciences and much evolutionary thinking. The evidence indicates that many people have a tendency to voluntarily cooperate, if treated fairly, and ...
Simon Gächter, Urs Fischbacher, Ernst Fehr   +2 more
core  

Thermal‐Driven Diode Polarity Switching From Competing Helical Superconducting States in WTe2/α‐Fe2O3 Heterostructures

Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
A Nb‐proximitized Josephson junction based on a WTe2/α‐Fe2O3 heterostructure exhibits a robust superconducting diode effect with programmable polarity. The diode direction can be trained by magnetic fields and switched by temperature cycling, revealing tunable finite‐momentum pairing states and competing superconducting states in symmetry‐broken ...
Enze Zhang, Grant Z. X. Yang, Zi‐Ting Sun, Xinhou Chen, Shishun Zhao, Chufan Chen, Chenhui Zhang, Fanrui Hu, K. T. Law, Hyunsoo Yang   +9 more
wiley   +1 more source

The psychological, computational, and neural foundations of indebtedness

Nature Communications
Receiving a favor from another person may induce a negative feeling of indebtedness for the beneficiary. In this study, we explore these hidden costs by developing and validating a conceptual model of indebtedness across three studies that combine a ...
Xiaoxue Gao, Eshin Jolly, Hongbo Yu, Huiying Liu, Xiaolin Zhou, Luke J. Chang   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source