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Perhydrolysis of nerve agent VX
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1993The exceedingly toxic nerve agent VX (O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropymino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate) cannot be detoxified by reaction with hydroxide ion but is rapidly detoxified by perhydrolysis (substitution with HO 2 - ) presumably via an intramolecular oxygen transfer which precludes loss of the ethoxy ...
Linda L. Szafraniec +3 more
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Efficacy of Tacrine as a Nerve Agent Pretreatment
Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 1994Tacrine (THA) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo as a pretreatment for nerve agent intoxication. In vitro experiments showed that the primary effect of THA was direct inhibition of purified fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with a slight effect on slowing the aging rate of nerve agent-inhibited AChE.
Koplovitz I +6 more
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Resuscitative challenges in nerve agent poisoning
European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2003The threat of weapons of mass destruction such as nerve agents has become real since last year. The medical community has established protocols for the rapid evacuation and decontamination of affected civilians. However, protocols for resuscitative measures or acute perioperative care in cases of life-saving surgical interventions in toxic-traumatized ...
Avi A. Weinbroum, Ron Ben Abraham
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Organic Phosphorus Compounds—Nerve Agents
Critical Care Clinics, 2005The organic phosphorous compounds (OPC) include both the military grade nerve agents and the organic phosphorous pesticides. The major mechanism of OPC toxicity is through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in neuronal synapses leading to excess acetylcholine and overstimulation of target organs. Signs and symptoms depend on the affinity of the OPC for
Claudia L. Barthold, Joshua G. Schier
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Biomarkers of Nerve Agents Exposure
2009Nerve agents (OPC) could be used in terrorist acts. Investigation of longer-lived biomarkers for verification of exposure to toxic compounds is important for diagnosis and prognosis of there intoxications. We study the effects of doses of toxic agent and the times expire after intoxications on the potential biomarkers.
Todor A. Popov +5 more
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The acute treatment of nerve agent exposure
Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2006Nerve agents (NA) are simple and cheap to produce but can produce casualties on a massive scale. They have already been employed by terrorist organizations and rogue states on civilians and armed forces alike. By inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholine esterase, NAs prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
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After Salisbury Nerve Agents Revisited
Molecular Informatics, 2018AbstractIn March 2018 the term Novichok (Hoвичoκ) became publically known following an attempted murder of a former Russian spy in Salisbury, UK. Novichok is the name of a group of nerve agents secretly produced by Russia in the later stages of the Cold War.
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Neuroactive Agents and Nerve Membrane Conductances [PDF]
The Journal of General Physiology, 1968 John W. Moore, Toshio Narahashi
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Bacterial detoxification of organophosphate nerve agents
Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2002Bacterial enzymes have been isolated that catalyze the hydrolysis of organophosphate nerve agents with high-rate enhancements and broad substrate specificity. Mutant forms of these enzymes have been constructed through rational redesign of the active-site binding pockets and random mutagenesis to create protein variants that are optimized for the ...
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