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Advanced Science, EarlyView.The co‐delivery of mRNAs encoding a CD47 inhibitor and a cytokine cocktail (interleukins 12, 15, and 21) via lipid nanoparticles enables effective localized immunotherapy. This strategy not only suppresses tumor progression but also enhances type 1 conventional dendritic cell (cDC1) differentiation and activates CD8+ T cells, thereby inducing robust ...
Tao Jiang +14 more
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The Definition of Open Reading Frame Revisited.
Trends in Genetics, 2018The term open reading frame (ORF) is of central importance to gene finding. Surprisingly, at least three definitions are in use. We discuss several molecular biological and bioinformatics aspects, and we recommend using the definition in which an ORF is bounded by stop codons.
Patricia Sieber, M. Platzer, S. Schuster
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Coupling of Open Reading Frames by Translational Bypassing
Annual Review of Biochemistry, 2000▪ Abstract Translational bypassing joins the information found within two disparate open reading frames into a single polypeptide chain. The underlying mechanism centers on the decoding properties of peptidyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) and involves three stages: take-off, scanning, and landing.
John F. Atkins +2 more
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[8] Searching for clones with open reading frames
1987Publisher Summary This chapter has devised a simple strategy to quickly locate and express open reading frames. Using this approach, it is possible to identify protein coding regions without any extensive information about the products. One of the distinguishing features of deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) in protein-coding regions is the presence of at ...
Mark R. Gray +3 more
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Bioprospecting Open Reading Frames for Peptide Effectors
2013Recent successes in the development of small-molecule antagonists of protein-protein interactions designed based on co-crystal structures of peptides bound to their biological targets confirm that short peptides derived from interacting proteins can be high-value ligands for pharmacologic validation of targets and for identification of druggable sites.
Charles P. Scott, Ling Xiong
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Inferring genes from open reading frames
Computers & Chemistry, 1994One expects that in DNA without protein coding function, stop codons (which constitute three of the 64 possible codons) should occur frequently in all reading frames, and that a long open reading frame (ORF) can be interpreted as a sign for the existence of a gene.
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Module 5: The Need for an Open Reading Frame
2020In this module, students will learn to identify the open reading frames for a given gene, and define the phases of the splice donor and acceptor sites.
Leocadia V. Paliulis +2 more
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Regulation of plant translation by upstream open reading frames
Plant Science, 2014We review the evidence that upstream open reading frames (uORFs) function as RNA sequence elements for post-transcriptional control of gene expression, specifically translation. uORFs are highly abundant in the genomes of angiosperms. Their negative effect on translation is often attenuated by ribosomal translation reinitiation, a process whose ...
Albrecht G. von Arnim +2 more
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Identification of functional open reading frames in chloroplast genomes
Gene, 1988We have used a rapid computer dot-matrix comparison method to identify all DNA regions which have been evolutionarily conserved between the completely sequenced chloroplast genomes of tobacco and a liverwort. Analysis of these regions reveals 74 homologous open reading frames (ORFs) which have been conserved as to length and amino acid sequence; these ...
Paul M. Sharp, Kenneth H. Wolfe
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