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Estimates of Illicit Opioid Use in the US.
JAMA Health ForumPowell D, Jacobson M.
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Surgical Neurology, 2007
Opioids are the most effective and widely used drugs in the treatment of severe pain. They act through G protein-coupled receptors. Four families of endogenous ligands (opioid peptides) are known. The standard exogenous opioid analgesic is morphine. Opioid agonists can activate central and peripheral opioid receptors. Three classes of opioid receptors (
C, Zöllner, C, Stein
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Opioids are the most effective and widely used drugs in the treatment of severe pain. They act through G protein-coupled receptors. Four families of endogenous ligands (opioid peptides) are known. The standard exogenous opioid analgesic is morphine. Opioid agonists can activate central and peripheral opioid receptors. Three classes of opioid receptors (
C, Zöllner, C, Stein
openaire +4 more sources
Opioid mechanisms and opioid drugs
Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 2008Abstract The opioid system comprises four receptor subtypes: μ (MOP), κ (KOP), δ (DOP) (i.e. the so-called ‘classical' opioid receptors) and the more recently identified nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (N/OFQ) receptor (NOP). Selective endogenous peptides, typically cleaved from larger precursor proteins, have been identified for all subtypes.
McDonald, J, Lambert, DG
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Opioid and non-opioid analgesics
Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 2003Opioids are the most potent analgesics. Toxicity results either from effects mediated by variation in affinity and intrinsic efficacy at specific opioid receptors or, rarely, from a direct toxic effect of the drugs. For some adverse effects, opioids exhibit a 'dual pharmacology' whereby these effects are usually observed only in pain-free individuals ...
Gail Gillespie +2 more
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Opioid receptor polymorphismsand opioid abuse [PDF]
Pharmacogenomics, 2002 The sequencing of the human genome is only the first step. The next step is to determine the function of these genes and in particular, how alterations in specific genes lead to major human disorders. Many laboratories are now focusing on identifying and characterizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to determine which correlate in frequency ...
Andrew P. Smith, Nancy M. Lee
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Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, 2006
Many breakthrough scientific discoveries have been made using opioid imaging. Developments include the application of ever higher resolution whole-brain positron emission tomography (PET) scanners, the availability of several radioligands, the combination of PET with advanced structural imaging, advances in modeling macroparameters of PET ligand ...
Hammers, Alexander +1 more
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Many breakthrough scientific discoveries have been made using opioid imaging. Developments include the application of ever higher resolution whole-brain positron emission tomography (PET) scanners, the availability of several radioligands, the combination of PET with advanced structural imaging, advances in modeling macroparameters of PET ligand ...
Hammers, Alexander +1 more
openaire +4 more sources
New England Journal of Medicine, 2011
To the Editor: We applaud the article by Okie (Nov. 18 issue)1 on the increasing number of overdose deaths, since we have seen far too many patients die prematurely of opioid overdoses. One topic was missing from this article: the usefulness of providing access to naloxone to be administered by laypersons to prevent death from an opioid overdose ...
Michelle McKenzie +2 more
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To the Editor: We applaud the article by Okie (Nov. 18 issue)1 on the increasing number of overdose deaths, since we have seen far too many patients die prematurely of opioid overdoses. One topic was missing from this article: the usefulness of providing access to naloxone to be administered by laypersons to prevent death from an opioid overdose ...
Michelle McKenzie +2 more
openaire +7 more sources
Opioid and anti‐opioid peptides
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 1995Summary— The numerous endogenous opioid peptides (β‐endorphin, enkephalins, dynorphins…) and the exogenous opioids (such as morphine) exert their effects through the activation of receptors belonging to four main types: μ, Δ, k and ε. Opioidergic neurones and opioid receptors are largely distributed centrally and peripherally. It is thus not surprising
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