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Palenquero and Spanish

Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 2016
Linguists who have studied the Afro-Colombian creole language Palenquero — which shares a lexicon highly cognate with Spanish — have noted the introduction of Spanish elements, ranging from conjugated verbs and preverbal clitics to more complex morphosyntactic constructions.
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Palenquero vs. Spanish Negation: Separate but Equal?

Lingua, 2018
The Afro-Colombian creole language Palenquero is characterized by predominantly clause-final negation, a typologically rare configuration. Contemporary Palenquero speakers—all of whom also speak Spanish—occasionally exhibit Spanish-like pre-verbal negation, raising the question of whether pre-verbal negation has always been a pragmatically available ...
John M. Lipski
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The past imperfect in Palenquero

Studies in Language, 2000
In Palenquero, an Afro-Iberian creole spoken in Colombia, the -ba marker appears in a wider range of environments than other TMA markers, which are commonly pre-verbal. While most creole scholars have assumed that -ba is a past anterior, I argue that this marker is in fact a past imperfect.
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Spanish and Palenquero

2019
The Afro-Colombian creole language Palenquero, spoken in the village of San Basilio de Palenque, has been in contact with its historical lexifier, Spanish, for several centuries. The lexicons of the two languages are more than 90% cognate, including complete identity (based on the local vernacular variety of Spanish) and predictable phonological ...
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Negation in Palenquero

2018
Abstract This study offers an up-to-date (synchronic) overview of Palenquero predicate negation, and seeks to explain how and why it has recently begun to undergo change, especially among the younger generations. Earlier descriptions (e.g., Dieck 2000, 2002, Schwegler 1991a, 1996a) revealed that Palenquero features a complex variable system in which ...
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Palenquero and Spanish in contact

2020
Bilingual speakers are normally aware of what language they are speaking or hearing; there is, however, no widely accepted consensus on the degree of lexical and morphosyntactic similarity that defines the psycholinguistic threshold of distinct languages.
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Pitch polarity in Palenquero

2010
In the Afro-Iberian creole language Palenquero, tonic syllables receive a level H tone, and lexical words have at most one H tone per word. According to previous studies, the final H tone of a phrase is usually either maintained as a level tone with no L% boundary tone, or is downstepped to a mid tone.
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