Results 241 to 250 of about 213,163 (302)

Penalty functions with a small penalty parameter

Optimization Methods and Software, 2002
In this article, we study the nonlinear penalization of a constrained optimization problem and show that the least exact penalty parameter of an equivalent parametric optimization problem can be diminished. We apply the theory of increasing positively homogeneous (IPH) functions so as to derive a simple formula for computing the least exact penalty ...
A M Rubinov, X Q Yang
exaly   +2 more sources

Material penalty or psychological penalty? The motherhood penalty in academic libraries in China

The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 2021
Abstract Wage differences and career development limitations faced by working mothers are often termed the motherhood penalty. However, little is known about the nature or extent of such penalty in Chinese academic libraries in the wake of rapid economic and social changes. Using a sample of 450 respondents from Chinese academic libraries, this study
Xin Bao, Ping Ke, Jie Wang, Liang Peng
openaire   +1 more source

Death Penalty

2022
The Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights is the most comprehensive reference work in the field of international human rights protection. Comprising over 340 entries, presented alphabetically, and available online and in print, the Encyclopedia addresses the full range of themes associated with the study and practice of human rights in the modern world ...
openaire   +1 more source

The menopause "penalty"

SSRN Electronic Journal
The motherhood penalty is well-documented, but what happens at the other end of the reproductive spectrum? Menopause—a transition often marked by debilitating physical and psychological symptoms—also entails substantial costs. Using population-wide Norwegian and Swedish data and quasi-experimental methods, we show that a menopause diagnosis leads to ...
Gabriella Conti   +3 more
openaire   +5 more sources

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