The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome
Immunological Reviews, Volume 338, Issue 1, March 2026.ABSTRACT There are sex differences with immune responses where females exhibit stronger immune responses compared to males. Both sex hormones and sex chromosome differences between males and females contribute to the observed sex differences with innate and adaptive immune cell composition and function.
Katherine B. Radovanovic +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Pre-ribosomal RNA reorganizes DNA damage repair factors in nucleus during meiotic prophase and DNA damage response [PDF]
, 2022 Xiaochen Gai +9 more
openalex +1 more source
Meiotic nuclear divisions in budding yeast require PP2ACdc55-mediated antagonism of Net1 phosphorylation by Cdk [PDF]
, 2011 During meiosis, one round of deoxyribonucleic acid replication is followed by two rounds of nuclear division. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, activation of the Cdc14 early anaphase release (FEAR) network is required for exit from meiosis I but does not lead
Arumugam, Prakash +5 more
core +3 more sources
Loss of E3 ligase HvST1 function substantially increases distal crossover frequency
New Phytologist, Volume 249, Issue 3, Page 1325-1341, February 2026.Summary This study characterizes the function of a grass‐specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, HvST1, in regulating synapsis and crossover (CO) formation during meiosis in barley (Hordeum vulgare). In large‐genome cereals, COs are predominantly restricted to distal chromosomal regions, limiting genetic recombination and breeding flexibility.
Jamie Neil Orr +8 more
wiley +1 more source
Checkered Prophase I in Crown Daisy.
CYTOLOGIA, 1995 In addition to normal bivalency (15%), the PMCs of the four head types (white and yellow radiate and ligulate) of Chrysanthemum coronarium (crown daisy) exhibit bivalent interlocks (55%), translocation rings (15%) and telomere adhesions (9%). But only one of these three anomalies, never all the three, occur in the PMC of each head type.
M. L. H. Kaul, Jaswinder Kaur
openaire +2 more sources
UBR2 of the N-end rule pathway is required for chromosome stability via histone ubiquitylation in spermatocytes and somatic cells [PDF]
, 2012 The N-end rule pathway is a proteolytic system in which its recognition components (N-recognins) recognize destabilizing N-terminal residues of short-lived proteins as an essential element of specific degrons, called N-degrons.
An, JY +12 more
core +1 more source
hnRNPU Safeguards Oocyte Development and Female Fertility via Regulation of Alternative Splicing
The FASEB Journal, Volume 40, Issue 2, 31 January 2026.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNPU) is essential for oocyte development and female fertility. Oocyte‐specific deletion of Hnrnpu leads to follicular arrest, impaired meiotic maturation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and infertility.
Jinmei Li +8 more
wiley +1 more source
A Quality Control Mechanism Coordinates Meiotic Prophase Events to Promote Crossover Assurance
PLoS Genetics, 2014 Meiotic chromosome segregation relies on homologous chromosomes being linked by at least one crossover, the obligate crossover. Homolog pairing, synapsis and meiosis specific DNA repair mechanisms are required for crossovers but how they are coordinated ...
Alison J. Deshong +3 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
Co-translational protein targeting facilitates centrosomal recruitment of PCNT during centrosome maturation in vertebrates. [PDF]
, 2017 As microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells, centrosomes guide the formation of the bipolar spindle that segregates chromosomes during mitosis.
Antkowiak, Mark +11 more
core +2 more sources
Ex Vivo Spatiotemporal Characterization of Spermatogenesis in Mouse Testicular Organoids
Advanced Science, Volume 13, Issue 4, 19 January 2026.To date, in vitro spermatogenesis remains a challenge in reproductive medicine. In this study, Sun et al. developed a promising in vitro strategy to generate testicular organoids that enable germ cells from newborn mice to enter meiosis, complete chromosome recombination and synapsis, and develop into haploid spermatids.
Jiachen Sun +9 more
wiley +1 more source